bitter

bitter
adjective
  1. having a sharp, pungent taste or smell; not sweet
    辛辣的，苦的
    raw berries have an intensely bitter flavour.
    生的浆果有浓重的苦味。
    ■(of chocolate) dark and unsweetened
    （巧克力）黑色不加糖的
  2. feeling or showing anger, hurt, or resentment because of bad experiences or a sense of unjust treatment
    愤怒的，委屈的，受伤害的，怨恨的
    I don't feel jealous or bitter.
    我没有感到嫉妒和怨恨。
    she wept bitter tears of self-reproach.
    她擦去因自责而流下的痛苦眼泪。
  3. painful or unpleasant to accept or contemplate
    令人痛苦的，令人不愉快的，难以接受的
    today's decision has come as a bitter blow.
    今天的决定是令人难以承受的打击。
    she knew from bitter experience how treacherous such feelings could be.
    她从痛苦的经历中知道，这样的感觉会是多么不可靠。
    ■(of a conflict, argument, or opponent) full of anger and acrimony
    怒不可遏的，激烈的，尖酸刻薄的
    a bitter five-year legal battle.
    一场持续五年的激烈的诉讼争斗。
    ■(of wind or weather) intensely cold
    （风，天气）凛冽的，刺骨寒冷的
    a bitter wind blowing from the east.
    从东面刮来的凛冽寒风。
noun
  1. [mass noun](Brit.)beer that is strongly flavoured with hops and has a bitter taste
    (英)苦啤酒
  2. (bitters)[treated as sing.]liquor that is flavoured with the sharp pungent taste of plant extracts and is used as an additive in cocktails or as a medicinal substance to promote appetite or digestion
    苦精，比特酒，苦味酒
常用词组
to the bitter end
  1. used to indicate that one will continue doing something until it is finished, no matter what. bitts, perhaps influenced by the biblical phrase ‘her end is bitter as wormwood’ (Prov. 5:4)
    义无反顾，坚持到底
    the workers would fight to the bitter end.
    工人们将战斗到底。
派生
bitterly
adverb
bitterness
noun
语源
  1. Old English biter, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German bitter, and probably to bite
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