case

case1
noun
  1. an instance of a particular situation; an example of something occurring
    情形；事例，实例
    a case of mistaken identity.
    一起身份混淆的事例。
    in many cases farmers do have a deep feeling for their land.
    在许多情形下，农民确实对他们的土地有着深厚的感情。
    ■[usu. in sing.]the situation affecting or relating to a particular person or thing; one's circumstances or position
    情境；个人环境（或情况）
    I'll make an exception in your case.
    我会把你的情况当作例外。
    ■an incident or set of circumstances under official investigation by the police
    案件
    a murder case.
    一起谋杀案。
  2. an instance of a disease, injury, or problem
    病例；伤例；个案例
    200,000 cases of hepatitis B.
    20万宗乙肝病例。
    ■a person suffering from a disease or injury
    病人，患者
    most breast cancer cases were older women.
    绝大多数乳腺癌患者为年纪较大的妇女。
    ■a person or their particular problem requiring or receiving medical or welfare attention
    （需要医疗或社会福利部门关注的）对象
    the local social services discussed Gemma's case.
    当地社会服务部门讨论了杰玛的问题。
    ■[with adj. or noun modifier](informal)a person whose situation is regarded as pitiable or as having no chance of improvement
    (非正式)可怜的人；无望改进的人
    Vicky was a very sad case.
    维姬是个很可怜的人。
    ■(informal, dated)an amusing or eccentric person
    (非正式，旧)滑稽者；古怪人
  3. a legal action, especially one to be decided in a court of law
    诉讼案
    a libel case.
    一起诽谤诉讼案。
    a former employee brought the case against the council.
    一位原雇员对该理事会提起诉讼。
    ■a set of facts or arguments supporting one side in such a legal action
    （诉讼时的）证据；理由
    the case for the defence.
    有利于被告的理由。
    ■a legal action that has been decided and may be cited as a precedent
    判例
    ■(亦作 case stated)an agreed summary of the facts relating to a case, drawn up for review or decision on a point of law by a higher court
    案情陈述；判案述要
    ■a set of facts or arguments supporting one side of a debate or controversy
    （辩论或论战中支持一方的）论据
    the case against tobacco advertising.
    反烟草广告的论据。
  4. (Grammar)any of the inflected forms of a noun, adjective, or pronoun that express the semantic relation of the word to other words in the sentence
    (语法)格
    the accusative case.
    宾格。
    ■[mass noun]such a relation whether indicated by inflection or not
    格关系
    English normally expresses case by the use of prepositions.
    英语通常通过介词来表达格关系。
常用词组
as the case may be
  1. according to the circumstances (used when referring to two or more possible alternatives)
    看情形，根据情况（用于两种或多种可能选择中）
    the authorities will decide if they are satisfied or not satisfied, as the case may be.
    当局会根据情况来决定他们是否满意。
be the case
  1. be so
    如此
in any case
  1. whatever happens or may have happened
    任何情况下
    ■used to confirm or support a point or idea just mentioned
    无论如何，不管怎样
    he wasn't allowed out yet, and in any case he wasn't well enough.
    他仍不可外出，反正他也还没完全好。
(just) in case
  1. as a provision against something happening or being true
    以防万一；免得
    we put on thick jumpers, in case it was cold.
    我们穿上厚套衫以防天冷。
  2. if it is true that
    如果是真的；假使
    in case you haven't figured it out, let me explain.
    假如你还没弄明白，就让我来解释。
in case of
  1. in the event of (a particular situation)
    假如发生
    instructions about what to do in case of fire.
    关于如何应对火灾的指导。
in no case
  1. under no circumstances
    在任何情况下决不，无论如何都不
in that case
  1. if that happens or has happened; if that is the situation
    既然那样，假若是那样的话
    ‘I'm free this evening.’ ‘In that case, why not have dinner with me?’.
    "今晚我有空。""既然这样，为什么不和我去吃晚餐？"。
on (或 off) someone's case
  1. (informal)continually (or no longer) criticizing or harassing someone
    (非正式)不断（或不再）批评（或搅扰）某人
    teachers, you know, get on your case.
    你知道，老师总是不断地批评你。
语源
  1. Middle English: from Old French cas, from Latin casus 'fall', related to cadere 'to fall'; in sense 4 directly from Latin, translating Greek ptōsis, literally 'fall'
case2
noun
  1. a container designed to hold or protect something
    盒；套；壳；罩；容器
    a silver cigarette case.
    一个银香烟盒。
    ■the outer protective covering of a natural or manufactured object
    外壳
    a seed case.
    种子外壳。
    ■(Brit.)an item of luggage; a suitcase
    (英)行李箱；手提箱
    ■a box containing twelve bottles of wine or other drink, sold as a unit
    （盛装一打酒的）箱子
    a case of champagne.
    一箱香槟酒。
    ■(Printing)a partitioned container for loose metal type
    (印刷)字盘，活字分格盘
    ■each of the two forms, capital or minuscule, in which a letter of the alphabet may be written or printed
    （字母的）大写形式；小写形式。 参见 upper case, lower case
verb
[with obj.](一般作 be cased)
  1. surround in a material or substance
    （用材料或物质）围绕；包盖
    the towers are of steel cased in granite.
    这些塔是花岗岩包钢的。
    ■enclose in a protective container
    装入保护容器内
    [as adj. cased]a cased pair of pistols.
    两把装入套中的手枪。
  2. (informal)reconnoitre (a place) before carrying out a robbery
    (非正式)（抢掠前）探察（地方）；踩点儿
    I was casing the joint.
    我正在那个地方踩点儿。
语源
  1. late Middle English: from Old French casse, chasse (modern caisse 'trunk, chest', châsse 'reliquary, frame'), from Latin capsa, related to capere 'to hold'
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