deflation

deflation

1. When the bubble burst in 1990, bad debts brought the banking system close to collapse and the nation fell into a decade of recession and deflation.

1990年，经济泡沫灰飞烟灭，坏账将银行系统拽入崩溃的边缘，日本则陷入了长达十年的经济衰退与萎缩之中。

2. Some analysts have argued that deflation was the cause of the deterioration in banks' balance sheets.

一些分析人士争论说，通缩是银行资产平衡表恶化的罪魁祸首。

3. Some analysts, reported here,are talking about "good deflation" reducing commodity and raw-material costs for manufacturers.

一些分析人士认为，适当的通货紧缩能降低生产者的商品和原材料支出成本。

4. A year ago many economists were fretting about unemployment and deflation.

一年以前，经济学家还在为失业人数以及通货膨胀而担忧。

5. First of all, money supply has been increased appropriately and deflation has been prevented, contributing to the realization of the growth target.

一是适当增加货币供应量，防止通货紧缩，促进了经济增长目标的实现。

6. Stability is generally considered in terms of full employment, control of inflation and deflation, and national economic growth.

一般人认为稳定的标志是充分就业，控制通货膨胀和通货紧缩，以及全国性的经济增长。

7. Solution to deflation normally involves expansionary fiscal and monetary policies.

一般情况下，克服通货紧缩，要同时实行积极的或扩张的财政政策和货币政策。

8. It is generally believed that when an economy's CPI fell for two consecutive quarters, that is, into deflation.

一般认为，当一个经济体的CPI连续两个季度出现下跌，即进入了通货紧缩。

9. Three weeks ago at a luncheon with the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, I spoke on the subject of deflation and its causes.

三星期前我在加拿大商会的午餐会上发言,谈到通缩及其成因。

10. All these are symptoms of a chronic price deflation that shows no sign of abating.

上述种种都是价格长期下跌的征兆，尚无迹象显示这种下跌趋势会有所缓和。

11. I shall next week talk about the appropriateness of a macroeconomic policy response to deflation.

下星期我会再谈以宏观经济措施应付通缩是否适当。

12. But beware: Deflation would likely mean some taxing authorities struggle to service bonds reliant on a specific income stream, like user fees.

不过切记：在通货紧缩的情况下，有些陷入困境的部门可能难以偿还以来用户收费等特定收入的债券。

13. But it will be a few more months before we can say with conviction that deflation is totally behind us.

不过我们还要多几个月才可以肯定的说通缩已经完全消失。

14. There is something to both fears. But inflation is distant and containable, while deflation is at hand and pernicious.

两种担忧都不可小视。但通货膨胀还未知且可控，而通货紧缩已迫在眉睫，且祸害无穷。

15. The same spread now implies, implausibly, deflation of 2.5% this year, and zero inflation until 2014, before reaching 2-3.5% thereafter.

两者的收益率价差则表明，尽管难以想象，今年的通胀率是-2.5%，明年至2014年通胀率为零，之后重新上升到2%-3.5%的水平。

16. Indeed, some internal work at the HKMA suggests that it is not impossible that deflation will be over by the end of 2004.

事实上,根据金管局一些内部研究,香港未到2004年底已结束通缩,亦是有可能的。

17. Given the choice, erring on the side of inflation would be less catastrophic than erring on the side of deflation.

于两者中选其一的话，虽然都为错，但选择通货膨胀比选择通货紧缩影响更小。

18. FEARS of a general deflation may be receding but in the rich world's housing markets at least, falling prices are still the norm.

人们对一般通货紧缩的担忧可能正在减少，但是，至少是在富裕国家的房地产市场，房价下跌仍然当道。

19. Growth this year is likely to be in negative territory again, and price deflation is expected to persist.

今年可能会再度录得负增长,物价下跌的情况预计仍会持续。

20. From an equity perspective, it is clear that deflation has been punished and inflation rewarded in Asia Pacific.

从股票的角度来看,很显然,在亚洲通货紧缩遭到打击,而通货膨胀受到鼓励。

21. They began a process of economic deflation.

他们开始了一段经济紧缩的过程。

22. With a jobless rate of 10.2% and oodles of idle capacity, America still faces a bigger threat from deflation than from inflation.

伴随着失业率10.2%和众多的备用能量，美国仍然面对着更大的通货紧缩的威胁而不是通货膨胀。

23. But Mr Noyer hinted that if significant deflation risks did emerge, the ECB would swiftly change tack.

但他暗示，如果真的出现重大通缩风险，欧洲央行将迅速作出调整。

24. Yet bizarrely, the Bank of Japan seems to think its credibility is more at risk from reignited inflation than from the stigma of mild deflation.

但奇怪的是，日本银行好似认为如果经济重新恢复活力会使银行信用风险比经济处在温和紧缩时期更大。

25. But it may have helped to stifle expectations of deflation, the last thing an over-indebted economy needs.

但是这也许会帮助遏制通货紧缩期望，这是一个负债过度的经济最后需要的。

26. Nevertheless, the value of money is not constant over time. The purchasing power of money changes as a result of either inflation or deflation.

但货币的价值并不总是稳定不变的,货币的购买力会随着通货膨胀或通货紧缩而产生变化。

27. But deflation also emerged that year, pushing up real interest rates and increasing the real burden of debt.

但那一年出现的通货紧缩，在推高实际利率的同时，也增加了实际的债务负担。

28. Do you know how to set the copy machine with the state of deflation or enlargement.

你知道怎么将复印机设定在缩印(放大)模式上吗?

29. If the Fed continued to warn about deflation that is growing at a brisk pace, the First Bank would not take the unwise move.

假如联邦理事会当时有继续对正在快速成长的通货紧缩提出警告,第一银行就应不会采取那不智之举。

30. The global economypulled out of recession in 2002 and ispredicted to grow this year by about 4 percent. The threat of deflation has receded, yetinflation remains subdued.

全球经济步出了2002年时的衰退,预计今年将增长4%左右。通货紧缩的威胁消退了,通货膨胀也处在掌控之中。

31. And secondly, at the zero bound there is some possibility of a downward spiral of worsening deflation.

其次，处于零界限上，存在着通货紧缩日益恶化的下行螺旋的可能性。

32. So much of a typical American's wealth is tied up in bricks that the threat of house-price deflation stokes panic.

典型的美国人的财富同房屋密不可分，因此房价缩水的危胁引起了恐慌。

33. Third, the price deflation oscillating through the information sector will drag down the rest of the economy, too, through a multiplier effect.

再者，信息产业价格下跌的震荡局面，还将通过乘数效应拖累其它经济领域。

34. Deflation is the division of a value variable by an appropriate price index so as to obtain a quantity variable.

减缩是价值变量除以适当的价格指数以获得数量变量。

35. Kathleen, "deflation," we are hearing that word a bit these days.

凯瑟琳，近期，我们对“通货紧缩”一词略有耳闻。

36. While they last, higher real interest rates and asset price deflation will have a negative impact on real sector activities.

利率持续高企,资产价格继续贬值,对实质商品市场造成不利影响。

37. Another is that profitability is mismeasured, because of the failure to understand the implications of deflation.

另一个原因是，由于未能理解通缩的影响，对盈利能力的衡量有误。

38. The other was deflation, which amplified the effects of the existing tariff and the Smoot-Hawley increases.

另一个因素是通货紧缩，通缩放大了现行关税及斯姆特-霍利法案所增加之关税对经济产生的影响。

39. Can be seen that quantitative easing may have slow deflation are effective, but the substantive question of the current solution is not strong force.

可见,数量型放松可能对于减缓通缩是有效的,但对眼下的实质性问题的解决力却不强。

40. "The threat of deflation appears to be low," said Nikhilesh Bhattacharyya, associate economist of Moody's Economy.com.

周一公布的新数据显示，中国四月的主要通涨数据仍然是负的。

41. This reveals that it cannot be sustainable to rely completely upon Keynesian Macro-Economic Policy while ignoring micro-basis for deflation.

因此 ,忽视通货紧缩的微观基础而完全依赖于凯恩斯主义宏观经济政策的做法是不能持续的。

42. Given this, China will continue to take measures to curtail the trend of deflation.

因此,中国还要继续采取措施以遏制通缩的趋势。

43. In this case report the capsular contracture had caused prosthesis folding and the prosthesis had become partial deflation finally.

因此我的个案报告将讨论荚膜孪缩及乳模绉褶相关的可能机转。

44. Demand continues to shrink on international markets; the trend toward global deflation is obvious; and trade protectionism is resurging,” he said.

国际市场需求持续萎缩；全球通缩趋势明显；贸易保护主义抬头。”

45. Japan's monetary base rose 85 percent between 1997 and 2003;deflation continued apace.

在1997年到2003年，日本的基础货币上升了85%，通缩继续是快速的。

46. During the course of successfully controlling inflation and effectively curtailing the trend of deflation, China has accumulated rich macro-control experiences.

在成功地治理通货膨胀和有效地抑制通货紧缩趋势的过程中，中央积累了丰富的宏观调控经验。

47. Energy policy could also play an important role in counteracting both depression and deflation.

在抗击萧条和通缩的过程上，能源政策也可以发挥重要作用。

48. In the worst case, rising debts and defaults depress growth, poisoning the economy by deepening deflation and pressing real interest rates higher.

在最坏的情形里，日益增长的负债和坏账将压抑成长，通过加剧通缩，并施压于真实利率使其升高，而进一步毒化经济。

49. A short inflationary boom could be followed by another recession, another banking crisis, and perhaps deflation.

在短期的通胀上升之后，可能是另一场衰退，另一场银行业危机，又或许是通缩。

50. In deflation the nominal value of debts remains fixed even as nominal wages, prices and profits fall.

在通缩的时候，债务的名义价值保持不变，尽管名义工资、价格、以及利润都统统下跌。

51. Inflation of currency after a period of deflation restored the system to a previous state.

在通货紧缩之后通货膨胀再次发生，使系统恢复到原先的状态。

52. During a period of deflation or declining prices, the effect described above is reversed.

在通货紧缩或物价下跌时期,结果与上述相反。

53. Under deflation, real interest rates are higher than nominal ones.

在通货紧缩的经济体中，实际利率高于名义利率。

54. To produce deflation in(an economy).

在（经济）上造成通货紧缩

55. Murphy also includes in this chapter a very useful section on deflation, a subject nearly impossible to find treated without breathless hysteria.

墨菲还在本章用一段文字讨论了通货紧缩，如果没有付出极大的热情和精力，几乎不可能发现这个被掩盖的真相。

56. Martin Hadaway also believe that from mid-2009, some economies may experience deflation.

夏德威还认为，从2009年年中开始，一些经济体可能会出现通缩的情况。

57. Unemployment rate will likely rise further toward 10%, while deflation concern instead of inflation concern will escalate.

失业率可能进一步将上升至10%，忧虑通缩将升级而不是通胀。

58. Unemployment is at the highest level in six years and the spectre of deflation has re-emerged.

失业率达到六年来的最高水平，重新出现通货紧缩。

59. Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world's three major economies.

如果世界经济三大主体同时衰退，通货紧缩就会出现。

60. If so, this would provide a buffer to deflation in the rich world today, despite the presence of large gaps.

如果事实如此，那么富裕国家就有了应对通货紧缩的缓冲器，而无需担心产出缺口。

61. If bound by the ultimate consumer demand will be a certain trade or production overcapacity, leading to deflation and depression.

如果受最终消费需求的约束，就会形成某些行业或生产环节的能力过剩，最终导致通货紧缩和萧条。

62. If we experienced a disinflation comparable to that of the 1980s, that would mean ending up with deflation at a rate of -3.5 percent.

如果我们经历一次与上世纪80年代相当的反通缩，这意味着其将在通缩率-3.5%中结束。

63. Right now, the flow of money through the economy is basically frozen: everyone is panicking into treasuries due to deflation fears.

如果美元创新低而黄金有力的上破1000美元，投资者将预期通货紧缩而开始出现惊恐，接着，大量的货币将从债券中流出。

64. Members noted an analysis that suggested that the risk of deflation in the US was low, particularly in view of the weakening US dollar and the rise in oil prices.

委员会成员获悉一项分析,其结果显示,由于美元转弱及油价上升,美国出现通缩的风险偏低。

65. It said Japan's economy had“ fully recovered”, but warned that in spite of vigorous growth, deflation was only waning gradually.

它表示，日本经济已经“完全复苏”，但同时警告称，尽管增长强劲，但通缩状况只是在逐渐缓解。

66. Real Rate of Return The annual percentage return realized on an investment adjusted for changes in the price level due to inflation or deflation.

实际回报率投资在根据通胀或通缩调整价格后的年度回报率。

67. Many bond traders remembered him as the Fed governor who had once mused about preventing deflation by dropping money from the sky.

对不少券商来说，本·南克仍是那个曾想到通过空降钞票来抑制通缩的美联储理事。

68. On the possible return to headline deflation, he said: “What is important is the expected inflation rate of the medium to long term.

对于可能重新出现通货紧缩的前景，白川方明称：“重要的是中长期的通胀预期。”

69. For the markets, the worst of the deflation scare is over.

对于市场而言，最糟糕的通缩恐慌已然过去。

70. Mr Koizumi said: “The government and the BoJ are trying in concert to move the economy out of deflation.

小泉先生说：“政府与央行正共同努力，试图让经济摆脱通货紧缩。

71. The story covers the 1890s, during which the US endured grinding deflation.

小说描写的故事发生在19世纪90年代，当时美国正在经历令人痛苦的通货紧缩。

72. As Ajay Kapur of Mirae Asset Management puts it: “In a debt deflation, the currency of the least responsible country benefits.

就像Mirae资本管理公司的AjayKapur说的那样：“在一个充斥了债务的通货紧缩时期，责任最小的国家的货币将会受益。”

73. Despite the deflation of its housing bubble and a severe drought, the kangaroo economy keeps bouncing along.

尽管其房地产泡沫的紧缩以及严重的干旱，但是袋鼠经济仍保持着跳跃似的增长。

74. Nevertheless, by reining in its money supply, Japan has not only avoided inflation but has actually experienced deflation.

尽管如此，通过节流货币供给，日本不仅避免了通胀，甚至还经历了一定程度的通缩。

75. Although current policies may stoke inflation in the future, the Fed would rather face inflation than deflation down the track.

尽管目前的政策可能会在将来引发通胀，但美联储今后宁愿面对通胀，也不愿面对通缩。

76. Pernicious deflation, though still unlikely, is no longer an idle risk (see article).

尽管通缩发生的可能性依然不大，但也不再像以前那样显得毫无可能。

77. Businesses too had to face enormous challenges as deflation deepened, consumer spending shrank and business activities declined.

工商界面对的挑战也不少,例如通缩恶化、消费开支萎缩、生意低迷。

78. It is already accused of spreading deflation worldwide.

已经有人指责中国向全世界出口通货紧缩了。

79. There were calls for allowing the exchange rate to depreciate, in order to enhance competitiveness and, through higher import prices, get deflation out of the system.

当时有人提出让汇率贬值以增强香港的竞争力,并透过较高的进口价格来消除通缩。

80. There is, of course, the residual and sensitive question of whether the exchange rate should be used to lessen the impact on the community of deflation arising from other causes.

当然,我们最后仍然会面对这个敏感的问题:我们是否应该利用汇率来减轻由其他原因引起的通缩对社会造成的影响?