enceladus
enceladus
1. An odd counterexample is Saturn's 500-kilometer-wide moon, Enceladus, which appears to be the source of the E ring.
一个奇怪的反例则是土星的卫星，土卫二，它足足有500公里宽，但看起来却像是E环物质的丰富来源。
2. An artist's rendering shows the Cassini spacecraft flying past a geyser of water vapor and dust erupting from Saturn's icy moon Enceladus.
一个艺术家的图画展现了卡西尼号飞船飞过冰冷的土卫二上一个不断喷出水汽和尘埃的间歇泉时的情景。
3. Pictured above, a high resolution image of Enceladus is shown from a close flyby.
上面这幅土卫二的高分辨率图片，是卡西尼探测器近距离掠过时拍摄的。
4. To help find out, the robotic Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn was sent soaring past the cryovolcanic moon and even right through one of Enceladus' ice plumes.
为了寻找答案，正绕著土星运行的卡西尼号探测船从这个充满冰火山的卫星旁滑翔而过，甚至穿过其中一个羽状烟柱。
5. The leading theory is that Saturn's gravitational pull puts stresses on the moon, causing the fissures from which the plumes erupt."Enceladus' orbit around Saturn is eccentric," Mitchell says.
主导理论认为土星的引力作用于其卫星，从而形成了裂缝，喷泉便从中迸发出来。
6. In fact, a sea could indirectly account for much of Enceladus's geologic diversity.
事实上，海洋可能间接佔去土卫二大部份地质形态。
7. Earlier this year, the robot spacecraft Cassini now orbiting Saturn took this surreal image of the gas giant Saturn, its majestic rings, and its enigmatic world Enceladus all in one frame.
今年初，正绕土星轨道飞行的卡西尼太空船拍下这幅超现实主义的图像，在同一张画面中拍摄到了巨大气态行星土星，它壮观的光环和谜一般的土卫二。
8. From left to right are Enceladus and shadow, Dione and shadow, and Saturn's largest moon Titan.
从左至右分别是恩克拉多斯(土卫二)及其影子，狄俄涅(土卫二)及其影子，和土星最大的卫星泰坦(土卫六)。
9. They simulated the response of Enceladus to tidal forcing assuming that underlying the south pole is a sector of low viscosity, making this part of Enceladus more pliable than the rest.
他们模拟土卫二对引潮力的反应，认为土卫二南极地下可能是低黏性区域，也就是比其他区域更加柔软。
10. Surprisingly, the plumes of Enceladus appear similar in make-up to many comets.
令人奇怪的是，土卫二喷出的羽状烟雾柱含有的成分看上去与许多彗星相似。
11. For example, Saturn's E ring reaches across a broad region that encompasses the satellites Mimas, Tethys, Dione and Rhea, peaking in brightness at the orbit of the smooth, icy moon Enceladus .
例如，土星的E环所跨过的一大片区域中，包含了土卫一、卫三、卫四与土卫五等卫星，亮度的最高峰就处于平滑冰冷的土卫二之轨道上。
12. Imagine starting with a cold, mostly rigid Enceladus in a nearly circular orbit.The rate of tidal heating is relatively low.
假设一开始土卫二处于冰冷且大致坚硬的状态，轨道接近圆形，潮汐加热速率较低；
13. Cassini will next fly by Enceladus on October 31.
卡西尼号将在10月31日再次飞越土卫二。
14. Cassini is scheduled to fly by Enceladus at least nine more times, including an even closer pass of just 25 kilometers this coming October.
卡西尼号至少仍有九次的机会飞掠土卫二，其中包括了十月时将接近到仅有25公里远之处。
15. Cassini is scheduled to buzz by Enceladus in an imaging run near the end of this month.
卡西尼号预计在这个月底再次靠近土卫二，期待获得更多资料以供研究。
16. The Cassini spacecraft observed the way the plume dimmed starlight shining from behind as the probe zipped past Enceladus in 2005 and 2007.
卡西尼号飞船在2005年和2007年迅速飞过土卫二时观测了透过羽状物的星星的闪烁光亮。
17. As long as the sea never completely freezes during the cooling phase of the cycle, the whole process would continue as long as Enceladus remains in orbital synchrony with Dione.
只要海洋不会在循环中的冷却阶段完全结冰，而且土卫二维持与土卫四的轨道同步，整个过程就会维持下去。
18. Cassini closeup view (looks like Europa?) Enceladus is locked in a 1:2 resonance with Dione (similar to the situation between Io and Europa).
土卫二与土卫四以1:2的固定共动关系运行（与木卫一和木卫二的情形相似）。
19. Why Enceladus is active remains a mystery, as the neighboring moon Mimas, approximately the same size, appears quite dead.
土卫二为何如此活跃还是个未解之谜，因为与土卫二毗邻、大小相近的土卫一似乎寂若死灰。
20. Enceladus may be the source of the material in Saturn's tenuous E ring.
土卫二可能是土星的稀薄的E光环中物质的供给源。
21. Enceladus displays evidence of active ice volcanism: Cassini observed warm fractures where evaporating ice evidently escapes and forms a huge cloud of water vapor over the south pole.
土卫二拥有活跃的火山区，并拥有冰层，在南极可见溶化后的冰形成蒸气与气体云。
22. Features the size of a bus are resolvable in this highly detailed image taken of Enceladus' active tiger stripe region.
土卫二活跃的虎斑条纹区域的这张高清晰影像，分辨率达到了能看清一辆公共汽车大小的效果。
23. Enceladus' ice volcanos also likely produce Saturn's faint but extended E ring.
土卫二的冰火山也好像形成了土星昏暗但又延伸的E环。
24. The full cause of Enceladus's activity may be a combination of these effects.
土卫二的活动或许来自这些效应的综合结果。
25. Enceladus has a noncircular orbit;its distance from Saturn varies.The closer it gets, the more it is deformed.
土卫二的环绕轨道不是圆形，它和土星间的距离随时都在改变，距离越近，形变程度越大。
26. Enceladus continues to exhale water ice into Saturn orbit, keeping the E ring topped off with tiny particles.
土卫二继续喷发冰粒到土星轨道中，使处于外围的E环充满了微小的微粒。
27. Saturn's moon Titan is a world of meandering rivers and lakes, and beneath the icy crust of another Saturn moon, Enceladus, might lie environments resembling the frigid ocean depths of Earth.
土星中的卫星-泰坦是一个充满蜿蜒的河流和湖泊的星球，而在另一个土星卫星冰层的下面，正处于类似冰冷海洋的环境之中。
28. Visible in spectacular detail, however, is Saturn's E ring, the ring created by the newly discovered ice-fountains of the moon Enceladus, and the outermost ring visible above.
在上面这张清晰的影像中能看到土星的E环，该光环是由土卫二最近刚发现的冰喷泉产生，是上面影像中最外围的光环。
29. Below Enceladus are the rings of Saturn, seen nearly edge on.
在土卫二下面就是土星的光环，看上去几乎处在边缘位置。
30. Icy bright Tethys, a moon of Saturn likely brightened by a sandblasting rain of ice from sister moon Enceladus, is visible in front of the darker rings.
在暗淡的光环前还可以看到明亮的冰卫星土卫三，可能是被其姐妹卫星土卫二喷发出的冰雨覆盖所致。
31. If the source of Enceladus’ south polar geysers, discovered by Cassini in 2005, is indeed liquid water, then the geysers will transport the dissolved sodium into space.
如果2005年我们通过卡西尼探测器在土卫二南极地区发现的冰晶喷泉，实际上是土卫二内部的液体水从土卫二逃逸的出口。那么这些冰晶喷泉也许就是现在被发现的钠元素的起源地。
32. The new evidence for an underground ocean comes from the detection of sodium in Saturn’s E ring, the extensive band of ice particles believed to be fed and replenished by Enceladus.
如果在土卫二中存在着大量地下水的证据能够得到确认，那么土卫二也许将是在过去甚至在现在的太阳系中最有可能孕育地外生命的星球。
33. Although unseen in this view, Enceladus (504 kilometers, or 313 miles across) casts its shadow upon the planet.The rings also block the sun's light from the low latitudes of the northern hemisphere.
尽管没有土卫二（距离卡西尼号504公里，或313英里）在照片中，但是它和土星环的阴影洒在土星的北半球上。
34. Enceladus:a giant who was defeated in battle and buried under Mount Etna by athena.
恩克拉多斯:希腊神话中的一位战败并被雅典娜埋葬在埃特那山下的巨人.
35. Enceladus, a moon of Saturn, stunned scientists two years ago when NASA's Cassini orbiter discovered geyser-like jets of water vapor shooting into space from its south pole.
恩克拉多斯（土卫二）是土星的一个卫星。两年前卡西尼号人造卫星发现一股喷泉状的水蒸气从它的南极射向外太空，令美国宇航行局感到非常震惊。
36. What creates the unusual tiger stripes on Saturn's moon Enceladus?
是什么造成了土卫二表面不寻常的虎纹状地带？
37. Farther to the left, and off Saturn's disk, are the bright moon Dione and the fainter moon Enceladus.
更远的左边的土星环上方，是明亮的土卫四狄俄涅和昏暗的土卫二恩克拉多斯(土星的卫星基本都是神话中的巨人啊，本文说的就是这4个卫星，注意后面的图上的黑点是阴影)。
38. Previously, the tiger stripe regions were found to be expelling plumes of water-ice, fueling speculation that liquid seas might occur beneath Enceladus' frozen exterior.
此前，曾发现虎纹状区域驱散了水冰羽纹，一度引发猜测，在土卫二冰冻外表的地下可能存在液态海洋。
39. Visible above is terrain on Enceladus so young that only a few craters are visible.
由上图可见，土卫二的地形年龄是非常的年轻，只有少数几个陨石坑。
40. We are still testing and refining our notions about how Enceladus has come to be the way it is.But in all, it is almost unavoidable that liquid water is present somewhere below its surface.
目前我们还在检视及修改解释土卫二现状的理论，不过总而言之，现在大致可以确定其地下有液态水存在。
41. The first type of terrain has more craters than occur near Enceladus' South Pole.
第一种地形拥有数量比土卫二的南极附近更多的陨石坑。
42. Although Enceladus is mostly rock, the moon’s surface is icy, preventing much sodium from escaping via solar wind or radiation, Lunine says.
虽然土卫二由岩石构成，但是整个卫星的表面被冰层所覆盖。
43. Explanation: What creates the unusual tiger stripes on Saturn's moon Enceladus?
说明: 为什麽土卫二有如此诡异的虎纹呢？
44. Explanation: Do underground oceans vent through the tiger stripes on Saturn's moon Enceladus?
说明： 土卫二上真的有地下海洋通过虎纹向外喷射物质吗？
45. Explanation: Do some surface features on Enceladus roll like a conveyor belt?
说明： 土卫二的一些表面特征看上去是否像一条传送带？
46. Explanation: In this stunning Saturnian vista - one in a series of artist's visions of volcanos on alien worlds - icy geysers erupt along narrow fractures in inner moon Enceladus.
说明： 这幅绚丽的土星景象，是艺术家们关于不同世界中一系列火山幻想影像之一，冰泉沿着土卫二上狭窄的裂缝喷射出。
47. Explanation: Above is one of the closest pictures yet obtained of Saturn's ice-spewing moon Enceladus.
说明：上面这张影像是最近拍摄到的表面喷出冰雾的土卫二影像之一。
48. Explanation: What does the surface of Saturn's ice-spewing moon Enceladus look like?
说明：土星卫星土卫二有冰渗出的表面看起来会是什么样子？
49. This model can reproduce the observed heat output, but only under two conditions that revolutionize our view of Enceladus.
这个理论可以印证我们观察到的热输出现象，但有两个先决条件可能大幅改变我们对土卫二的看法。
50. A dramatic sign that tiny, 500km-diameter Enceladus is surprisingly active, these ice volcanos hold out another potential site in the search for water and origin of life beyond planet Earth.
这些冰火山很戏剧性的说明，这颗直径只有500公里，细小的土卫二是十分的活跃，这些冰火山为人类提供寻找地球之外水源和生命来源又一个潜在地点。
51. The majestic plumes were actually discovered by instruments on the Cassini Spacecraft during close encounters with bright and shiny Enceladus last year.
这些壮观的羽状喷射物实际上是去年卡西尼飞船与明亮而光泽的土卫二近距离相遇期间，利用飞船上的设备发现的。
52. This form of asymmetric tectonic activity, very unusual on Earth, likely holds clues to the internal structure of Enceladus, which may contain subsurface seas where life might be able to develop.
这种与地球完全不同不对称的地质活动形式，可能掌握着土卫二内部结构的线索，土卫二表面下方的海洋很可能存在生命。
