[mass noun](Philosophy)a belief that things have a set of characteristics which make them what they are, and that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery and expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence (哲)本质主义。 比较 existentialism ■the view that all children should be taught on traditional lines the ideas and methods regarded as essential to the prevalent culture 基本教育论,要素主义教育 ■the view that categories of people, such as women and men, or heterosexuals and homosexuals, or members of ethnic groups, have intrinsically different and characteristic natures or dispositions 认为不同类别的人具有内在不同本质的观点