gauge

gauge
[geɪdʒ]
(主美亦作 gage)
noun

an instrument or device for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of something, typically with a visual display of such information
（测量级别、数量或成分的）量具，量器
■a tool for checking whether something conforms to a desired dimension
标准尺
■(figurative)a means of estimating something; a criterion or test
(喻)估计方法；判断标准；测试（标准）
emigration is perhaps the best gauge of public unease.
移民可能是社会不安定程度最好的晴雨表。
the thickness, size, or capacity of something, especially as a standard measure, in particular
（作为测量标准的）厚度，尺寸，容量，尤指
■the diameter of a string, fibre, tube, etc
（线，绳；纤维；管道等的）直径
[as modifier]a fine 0.018-inch gauge wire.
一根直径为0.018英尺的细电线。
■[in combination]a measure of the diameter of a gun barrel, or of its ammunition, expressed as the number of spherical pieces of shot of the same diameter as the barrel that can be made from 1 lb (454 g) of lead
（枪管的）口径
[as modifier]a 12-gauge shotgun.
一支口径为12的猎枪。
■[in combination]the thickness of sheet metal or plastic
金属板（或塑料）的厚度
[as modifier]500-gauge polythene.
厚度为500的聚乙烯。
■the distance between the rails of a line of railway track
（铁道的）轨距。参见 loading gauge
the line was laid to a gauge of 2 ft 9 ins.
轨道是按2英尺9英寸的轨距铺设的。
(一般作 the gage)(Nautical, historical)the position of a sailing vessel to windward (weather gage) or leeward (lee gage) of another
(航海史)（航行船只相对于其他船只的上风［weather gage］或下风［lee gage］）位置

verb
[with obj.]

estimate or determine the magnitude, amount, or volume of
估计（或判断）级别（数量，体积）
astronomers can gauge the star's intrinsic brightness.
天文学家可以判断出星星的内在亮度。
■form a judgement or estimate of (a situation, mood, etc.)
（对形势，心情等）作出判断，猜测
she is unable to gauge his mood.
她猜不透他的心思。
measure the dimensions of (an object) with a gauge
（用量具）测量（物体）
when dry the assemblies can be gauged exactly and planed to width.
这些配件干的时候，就可以准确测量并刨出一定的宽度来。
■[as adj. gauged]made in standard dimensions
按标准尺寸制作
gauged sets of strings.
成套的标准绳。

派生
gaugeable
adjective
gauger
noun
语源

Middle English (denoting a standard measure): from Old French gauge (noun), gauger (verb), variant of Old Northern French jauge (noun), jauger (verb), of unknown origin

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