ground
ground1
noun
[with obj.]
be thick (或 thin) on the ground
(N. Amer.) (北美)
ground out
ground2
adjective
ground down
noun
- [in sing.]the solid surface of the earth
大地，地面
he lay on the ground.
他躺在地上。
■[mass noun]a limited or defined extent of the earth's surface; land
（有界限的）地皮；土地
an adjoining area of ground had been purchased.
邻近一片地被人买下了。
■[mass noun]land of a specified kind
（特定种类的）地，土地
my feet squelched over marshy ground.
我的脚踩在泥泞的沼泽地上吱吱作响。
■[count noun]an area of land or sea used for a specified purpose
（作为特定用途的）场地，场
shore dumping can pollute fishing grounds and beaches.
在海边倾倒废物会污染渔场和海滩。
■(grounds)an area of enclosed land surrounding a large house or other building
（建筑物周围的）场地，庭园
the house stands in seven acres of grounds.
房子伫立在七英亩的庭园之中。
■(Brit.)the floor of a room
(英)（房间的）地面
the device fell to the ground, where it exploded, blowing a hole in the floor.
那个装置掉在地上后发生了爆炸，把地板炸出一个洞。 - [mass noun]an area of knowledge or subject of discussion or thought
（知识、讨论或思考的）范围，领域
third-year courses typically cover less ground and go into more depth.
三年级的课程通常涉及的领域较少但更深入。
[count noun]he shifted the argument on to theoretical grounds of his own choosing.
他将论点转移到自己选择的理论领域。 - (grounds)factors forming a basis for action or the justification for a belief
理由，根据
there are some grounds for optimism.
有一些乐观的理由。
they called for a retrial on the grounds of the new evidence.
他们以有新证据为由提请再审。 - (chiefly Art)a prepared surface to which paint is applied
(主艺术)底子，底色
■a substance used to prepare a surface for painting
绘画打底用材料
■(in embroidery or ceramics) a plain surface to which decoration is applied
（刺绣或制陶用语）底坯
■a piece of wood fixed to a wall as a base for boards, plaster, or joinery
（用以在墙上安装木板、细木工制品或上泥灰的）底板，底衬 - (Music). short for ground bass
(乐)。 ground bass 的简称 - (grounds)solid particles, especially of coffee, which form a residue; sediment
（尤指咖啡的）渣滓；沉淀物 - (N. Amer.)electrical connection to the earth
(北美)接地；接地装置，地线。 见 earth（义项3）
[with obj.]
- (常作 be grounded)prohibit or prevent (a pilot or an aircraft) from flying
禁止（飞行员或飞机）飞行；使停飞
bitter wind blew from the north-east and the bombers were grounded.
寒风从东北方刮来，轰炸机无法起飞。
■(informal, chiefly N. Amer.)(of a parent) refuse to allow (a child) to go out socially as a punishment
(非正式，主北美)（父母）罚（孩子）不准外出社交 - run (a ship) aground
使（船）搁浅
rather than be blown up, Muller grounded his ship on a coral reef and surrendered.
穆勒没有被炸死，而是将船在一座珊瑚礁上搁浅后投降了。
■[no obj.](of a ship) go aground
（船）搁浅
the larger ships grounded on the river bed at low tide.
大一些的船退潮时搁浅在河床上。 - (一般作 be grounded in)give (something abstract) a firm theoretical or practical basis
使（抽象事物）建立在牢固的理论（或实践）基础上
the study of history must be grounded in a thorough knowledge of the past.
历史研究必须建立在对过去全面了解的基础之上。
■instruct (someone) thoroughly in a subject
（在某学科上）给…以扎实的基础教育
Eva's governess grounded her in Latin, Greek, and Italian.
伊娃的家庭教师为她的拉丁语、希腊语和意大利语学习打下了牢固的基础。
■[as adj. grounded]well balanced and sensible
沉稳的；明智的
for someone so young, Chris is extremely grounded.
就这么年轻的人来说，克里斯是特别明智的。 - place or lay (something) on the ground or touch the ground with it
把…放在地上；以…触地
he was penalized two strokes for grounding his club in a bunker.
由于在一障碍处球杆触地，他被罚两杆。 - (N. Amer.)connect (an electrical device) with the ground
(北美)把（电器）接地
be thick (或 thin) on the ground
- existing (or not existing) in large numbers or amounts
为数众多（或为数不多）
new textbooks on particle physics are thin on the ground.
粒子物理学的新教材为数不多。
(N. Amer.) (北美)
- do preparatory digging or other work prior to building or planting something
翻土，犁地；破土，动工 - another term for break new ground below
同后面 break new ground
- do something innovative which is considered an advance or positive benefit
开辟新天地，创新
- do something which leaves someone without a reason or justification for their actions or opinions
使（某人的）行为无正当理由，使（某人的）观点无据可依
- (informal)completely or complete
(非正式)完全（或彻底）地；完全（或彻底）的
they needed a rethink of their doctrine from the ground up.
他们需要彻底地重新考虑他们的学说。
- become more popular or accepted
越来越得人心，越来越为人们所接受
new moral attitudes are gaining ground.
新的道德观越来越为人们所接受。
- get closer to someone or something one is pursuing or with whom one is competing
逼近（追赶对象，竞争对手），追上
the dollar gained ground on all other major currencies.
美元已赶上所有其他主要货币。
- (informal)become part of an enterprise in its early stages
(非正式)在企业的草创阶段加入
- start or cause to start happening or functioning successfully
（使）顺利开始；（使）起作用
he doesn't appreciate the steps he must take to get the negotiations off the ground.
他不喜欢自己为使谈判得以开始而不得不采取的那些步骤。
- retreat or lose one's advantage during a conflict or competition
让步；退却；失去优势
he refused to give ground on this issue.
他拒绝在这一问题上让步。
- (of a fox or other animal) enter its earth or burrow
（狐狸等）钻入地穴
■(figurative)(of a person) hide or become inaccessible, especially for a long time
(喻)（尤指长时间地）潜伏，躲藏；退隐
he had gone to ground following the presidential coup.
总统政变后他便退隐了。
- not retreat or lose one's advantage during a conflict or competition
不让步；不退却；保持优势
you will be able to hold your ground and resist the enemy's attack.
你将能够坚守阵地并抵御敌人的进攻。
- get closer to someone ahead in a race or competition
追近，赶上
- in a place where real, practical work is done
在现场，在实地
the troops on the ground are cynical.
战地的部队只顾自身的安危。
- in one's own territory or concerning one's own range of knowledge or experience
在自己熟悉的领域内，在自己的经验范围内
I feel reasonably relaxed if I'm interviewed on my own ground.
如果访谈内容在我自己熟悉的领域内，我就相当放松。
- make it easier for something to occur or be developed
（为某事的发生或发展）做好准备，铺平道路
parliament approved a series of measures intended to prepare the ground for the new economic structure.
为了给新经济结构铺平道路，议会通过了一系列措施。
- 见 run
- exhaust oneself by working or running very hard
工作（或跑）得精疲力竭
- Old English grund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch grond and German Grund
ground out
- (Baseball)(of a batter) be put out because of hitting a ground ball to a fielder who throws it to first base before the batter touches that base
(棒球)（击球员）击出内场地滚球被杀出局
he grounded out to shortstop.
他击出内场地滚球后被封杀至游击手位置。
ground2
adjective
- [attrib.]reduced to fine particles by crushing or mincing
磨碎的；磨细的
ground cumin.
孜然粉。
■shaped, roughened, or polished by grinding
打磨成的；磨毛的；磨光的
the thick opaque ground perimeter of the lenses.
镜片周围厚厚的不透明的磨边。
ground down
- exhausted or worn down
筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的；用旧的
考试词汇表
