holotype

holotype

1. A term, not regulated by the Code, for a designated specimen of opposite sex to the holotype [Recommendation 72A].

一个不受本规约规范的术语,是指一个被指定的标本,其性别与正模式相反[建议72A]。

2. Each specimen of a type series other than the holotype [Recommendation 73D].

一个模式系列中除了正模式之外的每个标本均称之[建议73D]。

3. paratype According to the Code, one of any number of specimens, in addition to the holotype, used by the original namer of a species in formulating his or her description of it;

副模式根据命名规约，一个模式系列中除了正模式之外的每个标本，这个标本被最初命名者使用以明确地做为他或她的描述；除了全模之外的一件标本，藉著它建立起新种的描述。

4. The holotype (IVPP V12811) of Sinornithosaurus millenii was collected from the lower part of the Yixian Formation, including most of the cranial and postcranial elements.

千禧中国鸟龙正型标本（IVPP V12811）采自辽宁北票四合屯义县组下部湖相页岩层，保存有头骨和头后骨骼的大部以及皮肤衍生物印痕。

5. The holotype skull measure 185 mm.

原型标本的头颅骨经测量为18.5公分。

6. Known only from the type collection of which only a photograph of the holotype has been seen by the authors.

只由于只一张主模式的照片已经被那些作者看见的模式标本收集知道。

7. The new specimen of Eopteranodon is slightly different from its holotype， probably due to ontogenetic development.

始无齿翼龙的新标本与正型稍微不同，可能由个体发育所引起。

8. In the absence of a holotype designation, any such specimen is eligible for subsequent designation as the name-bearing type (lectotype);

当无正模式被指定时,这其中的任何标本都合格用于后来指定为具名模式(选模式);

9. or (2) when an author bases a nominal species group taxon on a single specimen but does not explicitly designate it as holotype (holotype by monotypy;

或(2)一著者根据单一标本建立一个命名种群分类单元时并未明确指定该标本为正模式者(以单模式性定正模式;

10. A new specimen selected to replace a holotype that has been lost or destroyed.

新模标本为顶替已丢失或损坏的正模标本而精选的新标本

11. holotype designation

模式指定

12. holotype specimen

正基准标本

13. holotype According to the Code, the single specimen selected by the original describer of a species to be the standard-bearer for the new name.

正模标本根据命名法规，单一标本藉由最初描述作为这个种的代表者。

14. A very distinct species at present known only from the type collection, C. W. Wang 86836 (holotype, KUN; isotype, IBSC).

目前知道只从模式标本收集，C.W.86836王(主模式，库恩的一单独的种；等模式，IBSC)。

15. the ratio of the length of wing phalange 2 to wing phalange 1 is approximately 0.76.The new specimen of Eopteranodon is slightly different from its holotype, probably due to ontogenetic development.

第二翼指骨与第一翼指骨的长度之比率约为0.76.始无齿翼龙的新标本与正型稍微不同,可能由个体发育所引起.

16. Holotype One complete egg fossil (JLUM-D01-1) Locality and horizon gongzhuling liufangzi, Early Cretaceous , Quantou Formation;

编号：JLUM-D01-1 产地和层位 公主岭刘房子地区 下白垩统泉头组上部 特征 蛋化石呈椭圆形；

17. The holotype (IVPP V12330) and referred specimen (IVPP V13475) of Microraptor zhanianus were collected from the Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China.

赵氏小盗龙正型标本（IVPP V12330）和归入标本（IVPP V13475）产自辽宁朝阳市附近九佛堂组湖相沉积中，后者保存一几乎完整的骨架。

18. This variety is known only from the type collection, Wilson 4044 (holotype, A).

这变种只从模式标本收集被知道，威尔逊4044(主模式，一)。

19. The holotype (IVPP V13474) of Graciliraptor lujiatunensis was collected from the lowest part of Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China.

陆家屯纤细盗龙正型标本（IVPP V13474）采自辽宁北票陆家屯义县组最下部的河相凝灰质粉沙岩中，仅保存部分头骨和头后骨骼。