penance

penance
noun
[mass noun]

voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for having done wrong
（表示悔罪的）自我惩罚，苦行
he had done public penance for those hasty words.
他为那些草率的话而当众自我惩罚。
a sacrament in which a member of the Church confesses sins to a priest and is given absolution. In the Roman Catholic Church often called sacrament of reconciliation
（教徒向牧师忏悔并获赦罪的）悔过，悔罪。（罗马天主教中常称 sacrament of reconciliation）
■a religious observance or other duty required of a person by a priest as part of this sacrament to indicate repentance
苦修

verb

[with obj.](archaic)impose a penance on
(古)使忏悔，使悔罪；使苦修
a hair shirt to penance him for his folly in offending.
一件使其为冒犯他人的过错而忏悔的刚毛衬衣。

语源

Middle English: from Old French, from Latin paenitentia 'repentance', from the verb paenitere 'be sorry'

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