principal

principal
adjective
[attrib.]

first in order of importance; main
首要的；主要的
the country's principal cities.
该国的重要城市。
(of money) denoting an original sum invested or lent
本金的，母金的
the principal amount of your investment.
你投资的本金。

noun

the person with the highest authority or most important position in an organization, institution, or group
（机构、组织、团体的）首领；长官，首长；负责人
a design consultancy whose principal is based in San Francisco.
负责人以旧金山为基地的设计咨询公司。
■the head of a school, college, or other educational institution
（中学、学院等的）校长；院长
■the leading performer in a concert, play, ballet, or opera
（音乐会、戏剧、芭蕾舞剧、歌剧中的）主角演员
■(Music)the leading player in each section of an orchestra
(乐)（管弦乐队每一乐器组的）首席演奏者
■(in certain professions) a fully qualified practitioner
（某些行业）完全合格的开业者
■(in the UK) a senior civil servant in charge of a particular section
(英)（某一部门的负责人）高级公务员
[mass noun]a sum of money lent or invested on which interest is paid
母金，本金；可生息资本
the winners are paid from the interest without even touching the principal.
中奖者奖金从利息中支付，无须动本金。
a person for whom another acts as an agent or representative
委托人，本人，被代理人
stockbrokers in Tokyo act as agents rather than as principals.
东京的股票经纪人只是代理人而不是委托人。
■(Law)the person directly responsible for a crime
(律)主犯，首犯
■(historical)each of the combatants in a duel
(史)决斗者
a main rafter supporting purlins
（支撑檩的）主椽
an organ stop sounding a main register of open flue pipes typically an octave above the diapason
（管风琴的）主音栓

常用词组
principal in the first degree

(Law)a person who directly perpetrates a crime

派生
principalship
noun
语源

Middle English: via Old French from Latin principalis 'first, original', from princeps, princip- 'first, chief'

用法

On the confusion of principal and principle, see usage at principle

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