promisor
promisor
1. (a) if the promisee conferred the benefit as a gift or for other reasons the promisor has not been unjustly enriched;
or受诺人将利益赠与的，或者由于其他原因诺言人没有不当得利的；
2. (a) the promise is in writing and signed by the promisor and recites a purported consideration;
or诺言书面做成，经诺言人签署并列述宣称对价的；
3. (a) a gain, advantage, or benefit to the promisor or a loss, disadvantage, or detriment to the promisee;
or诺言人有所得、优势或利益，或者受诺人有所失、劣势或损害；
4. A written promise, sealed or unsealed, may be delivered by the promisor in escrow, conditionally to the promisee, or unconditionally.
书面诺言，无论是否盖印，都可以由诺言人以第三方保管的方式有条件或者无条件地交付受诺人。
5. " for then it is settled that the entire amount is due, and that I can collect it from the promisor and the result is the same when I only stipulate for payment to my son who is under my control.
于是你欠我的全部数额都是正当的，因此我可以从允诺者那里取得报偿，这结果如同我仅仅为了在我的权力之下的儿子取得报偿而以要式口约的方式做出约定。”
6. (2) A promise conditional on a performance by the promisor is a promise of alternative performances within 77 unless occurrence of the condition is also promised.
以诺言人的某一履行为条件的诺言，为第77条规定的选择履行，条件的出现也是诺言内容的除外。
7. 10.The value of a bond,note or other promise to pay depends on the financial condition of the promisor.
债券、票据或其他支付允诺之价值取决于允诺人的经济状况。
8. The promisee and the promisor are the two parties of the contract, and the third party is not a party of it.A duty of the promisor here is to assure or warrant the third party’s performance.
债务人负担的是担保义务，第三人没有履行或履行不符合约定，即属债务人担保义务的违反，发生违约责任。
9. (1) A conditional promise is not consideration if the promisor knows at the time of making the promise that the condition cannot occur.
做出附条件的诺言时，诺言人知道条件不会出现的，该诺言不是对价。
10. If there is no performance of the third party or if there is no suitable performance of him, this will constitute a breach of the promisor’s warranty duty.
其违约责任原则上为损害赔偿责任，所赔偿者为债权人的履行利益；
11. There must be at least two parties to a contract, a promisor and a promisee, but there may be any greater number.
合同当事人至少两名，即诺言人和受诺人，但可以更多。
12. Hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a “benefit to the promisor” or a “detriment to the promisee”；
因此，约因有时会被认为必须由“允诺人的利益”或者“受允诺人的损害”构成；
13. A written promise is sealed if the promisor affixes or impresses a seal on the document or adopts a seal already thereon.
如果诺言人在书面诺言上加付或者加盖盖印，或者采用文件上已经存在的盖印时，该诺言就是盖印诺言。
14. In essence, this means that the promisor should receive a benefit for the promise he makes and the promisee, while gaining the benefit of the promise, should relinquish something or incur a detriment.
实质上，这就意味着作出承诺者应该因他所作的承诺而得到好处，而接受承诺者在得到承诺好处的同时，也应该有所舍弃或吃一点儿亏。
15. 4.Consideration has the promisor received something of legal value, or has the promisee given up something of legal value.
对价使允诺人得到某种法律价值，或者使受允诺人放弃某种法律价值。
16. The doctrine of consideration requires that the promisor receive a benefit for the promise he makes and the promisee
对价的原则要求允诺者因他所作的承诺而得利.
17. (4) The performance or return promise may be given to the promisor or to some other person.
履行或者回报诺言可以给予诺言人，也可以给予他人；
18. When a Person May Be Both Promisor and Promisee
当一个人既是允诺人又是受允诺人
19. (2) The person manifesting the intention is the promisor.
意图表示的人为诺言人。
20. Something of value given by a promisee to a promisor to make the promise binding.
承诺人对某件东西的出价,给许诺人做为有效诺言。
21. (c) the promisor and promisee are named in the document or so described as to be capable of identification when it is delivered.
文件中列明了诺言人和受诺人，或者对二者做出描述并在交付时能够确认。
22. (b) uncertainty of the occurrence of the condition was an element of the risk assumed by the promisor.
条件实现的不确定性是诺言人承担的风险中的一个因素。
23. An express promise to pay all or part of an indebtedness of the promisor, discharged or dischargeable in bankruptcy proceedings which begun before the promise is made, is binding.
破产程序开始后，明确许诺全部或部分偿还因破产已被免除或者可以免除的债务的，该诺言有拘束力。
24. Historically, the common law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor.
经常地，允诺换回另外的允诺，而允诺的履行在一些情况下则可分割为相匹配的几个部分。
25. that that which he did was best for him to do independently of his uncle's promise, and insists that it follows that unless the promisor was benefited, the contract was without consideration.
结果他满21岁的时候，他叔叔的遗产执行人（他叔叔。。。已经翘掉了）拒绝执行。
26. Force majeure clauses, it seems, go to limit the extent of the obligation assumed by the promisor.
表面上看，不可抗力条款似乎起到了限制承诺人承担责任范围的作用。
27. A written promise is delivered unconditionally when the promisor puts it out of his possession and manifests an intention that it is to take effect at once according to its terms.
诺言人使书面诺言脱离自己控制，并表明诺言条款马上生效的意图的，为无条件交付。
28. (1) A promise made in recognition of a benefit previously received by the promisor from the promisee is binding to the extent necessary to prevent injustice.
诺言人因先前收到受诺人的利益而做出诺言的，在避免不公的限度内有拘束力。
29. (b) be expressed in a writing or writings to which both promisor and promisee manifest assent.
诺言通过一份或数份书面文件表达，且诺言人和受诺人双方都表示认可。
30. Except as stated in 93, a promise to perform all or part of an antecedent contract of the promisor, previously voidable by him, but not avoided prior to the making of the promise, is binding.
除93条的规定外，许诺全部或部分履行先前合同的，若诺言人有撤销权但许诺前尚未撤销的，诺言有拘束力。
31. a) a gain, advantage, or benefit to the promisor or a loss, disadvantage, or detriment to the promisee; or
（约因是否）给允诺人带来收益、优势或者利益；或者（约因是否）给相对人带来损失、劣势或者损害；或者
