shift

shift
[ʃɪft]
verb

move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance
转移，移动
[with obj.]a team from the power company came to shift the cables away from the house.
电力公司的一个施工队过来把这幢房子的电缆拆走。
[no obj.]the roof cracked and shifted.
屋顶裂开并移动了。
■[no obj.]change the position of one's body, especially because one is nervous or uncomfortable
（因紧张或不适而）变换身体位置
he shifted a little in his chair.
他在椅子上挪动身子。
■[with obj.]change the emphasis, direction, or focus of
转移（重点、方向或焦点）
she's shifting the blame on to me.
她把过失推到我身上。
■[no obj.]change in emphasis, direction, or focus
（在重点、方向或焦点方面）转变
the wind had shifted to the east.
风转向东。
the balance of power shifted abruptly.
权力均衡突然转变。
■[no obj.](Brit. informal)move quickly
(英，非正式)快速移动
you'll have time for a bite if you shift.
如果你赶快，你还有时间吃饭的。
■(shift oneself)[in imperative](Brit. informal)used to tell someone to move from a place or rouse themselves from a state of inactivity
(英，非正式)活动一下；振作起来
shift yourself, Ruby, do something useful and get the plates.
鲁比，振作起来，做一点正事，让自己忙碌起来。
■[with obj.](Computing)move (data) to the right or left in a register
(计算机)移位
the partial remainder is shifted left.
偏余数向左移位。
■[with obj.](Brit.)remove (a stain)
(英)去污
■[with obj.](informal)sell (something)
(非正式)卖
a lot of high-priced product you simply don't know how to shift.
许多昂贵的商品，你简直不知道怎么卖掉。
■[with obj.](Brit. informal)eat or drink (something) hastily or in large amounts
(英，非正式)狼吞虎咽地吃；豪饮，牛饮
■[no obj.](chiefly N. Amer.)change gear in a vehicle
(主北美)换（档）
she shifted down to fourth.
她换到四档。
■[no obj.](archaic)be evasive or indirect
(古)含糊其辞，转弯抹角
they know not how to shift and rob as the old ones do.
不像年龄大的一样，他们不知道怎样含糊其辞和敲诈。

noun

a slight change in position, direction, or tendency
（位置的）转移；（方向的）改变；（趋势的）转变
a shift of wind took us by surprise.
风向改变，使我们觉得很惊讶。
a shift in public opinion.
公众意见的转变。
■[mass noun](Astronomy)the displacement of spectral lines
(天文)（光谱线的）偏移。参见red shift
■(亦作 shift key)a key on a typewriter or computer keyboard used to switch between two sets of characters or functions, principally between lower- and upper-case letters
（打字机或电脑键盘上的）字型转换键
■short for sound shift
sound shift 的简称
■(N. Amer.)the gear lever or gear-changing mechanism in a motor vehicle
(北美)（机动车的）换档装置
■[mass noun](Building)the positioning of successive rows of bricks so that their ends do not coincide
(建筑)错位
■(Computing)a movement of the digits of a word in a register one or more places to left or right, equivalent to multiplying or dividing the corresponding number by a power of whatever number is the base
(计算机)移位
■(American Football)a change of position by two or more players before the ball is put into play
(美橄)球员攻守阵势的变化
one of two or more recurring periods in which different groups of workers do the same jobs in relay
（工作）轮班
the night shift.
夜班。
■a group of workers who work in this way
轮班工人
(亦作 shift dress)a woman's straight unwaisted dress
宽松直筒连衣裙
■(historical)a long, loose-fitting undergarment
(史)长而宽松的内衣
(archaic)an ingenious or devious device or stratagem
(古)计谋；诡计
the thousand shifts and devices of which Hannibal was a master.
汉尼拔主谋的数千个诡计和手段。

常用词组
get a shift on

(Brit. informal)hurry up
(英，非正式)加快；赶紧
it's quite a drive to London, so we should really get a shift on.
到伦敦去车程不算近，所以我们真该加快了。

make shift

do what one wants to do in spite of not having ideal conditions
尽力做到；将就；凑合

shift for oneself

manage as best one can without help
自力更生；单独应付

shift one's ground

say or write something that contradicts something one has previously written or said
改变立场，改变主张

shifting sands

something that is constantly changing, especially unpredictably
（尤指没有预料的）不断变化
whether something is accepted depends upon the shifting sands of taste.
某样东西是否会被接受，取决于不断变化的口味。

派生
shiftable
adjective
语源

Old English sciftan 'arrange, divide, apportion', of Germanic origin; related to German schichten 'to layer, stratify'. A common Middle English sense 'change, replace' gave rise to the noun sense 3 (via the notion of changing one's clothes) and sense 2 (via the concept of relays of workers)

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