substitutability

substitutability

1. Positive results from foreign scholars’ literature are far from consistency.The empirical tests of Tanner (1979),Kormendi (1983) and Aschauer (1985) supported the substitutability argument.

Tanner(1979)，Kormendi(1983)和Aschauer(1985)等人利用美国的宏观经济数据对政府支出和私人消费的关系进行实证检验，结果表明两者为替代关系，从而支持了新古典理论。

2. Irreplaceability means heterogeneity, so the stronger heterogeneity is, the weaker substitutability is, and the less competiveness is .

不可替代性意味着异质性，异质性越强，替代性越弱，竞争性也越小。

3. Different pork cuts and chicken parts did not show any substitutability.

不同部位的猪肉与鸡肉互不替代。

4. However, unlike other consumer housing, substitutability poor.

不过，住房不同于别的消费品，可替代性差。

5. " He believes that many real estate developers failed big reason is "no find the right positioning, not create their own products without substitutability.

也许是得到这种启示，最近开盘的太平洋国际大厦正好填补了这项空白。

6. product substitutability

产品替代度

7. Product Substitutability and Price Competition In A Distribution Channel

产品替代度与分销渠道的价格竞争

8. The Study on the Relationship between Product Substitutability and the Firm's Tacit Collusion

产品替代性程度与企业共谋合作关系的研究

9. He believes that banks and insurance agent in the marketing of marketing channels has not substitutability, the Bank may face a wider market.

他认为，银行代理与保险营销员促销在渠道上具有不可替代性，由银行代理可面对更广泛的市场。

10. Substitutability is not housing, the supply of housing demand growth, land, capital constraints, and so scarce, the demand will be decided next few decades the basic trend of our real estate market.

住房的不可替代性，住房需求增长的刚性，土地、资金稀缺的约束等等，决定了供不应求将是未来几十年我国房地产市场的基本走势。

11. On the Substitutability of Insurance and Guarantee Between Each Other in Managing Credit Risk

信用风险管理中保险和担保之间的替代性研究

12. It is shown that a competitive equilibrium may not exist for large network substitutability and large interconnection charge proportion factor (ACPF).

分析结果表明：竞争均衡的存在性取决于网络替代性和结算价格系数的大小；互联双方可能将结算价格系数作为合谋工具。

13. profit services, but have said it is not difficult to provide services substitutability.

另外一个获利的途径是服务，但它所提供的服务很难说具备不可替代性。

14. In the real world, competition and redistribution of income rejects this hypothesized case of giffen goods under the postulates of constrained maximization and substitutability.

只是愚见，如有错漏，烦请赐教。令人意想不到的是，未有亲身验证过，就将理论胡说八道。高生，你真系好野！

15. meanwhile retailer substitutability was always assumed to be equal between the retailers, which is obviously unrealistic.

同时，现有文献都认为零售商之间的替代度是相等的，这一点与现实不符。

16. Equilibrium analysis of distribution channels based on product substitutability

基于产品替代度的分销系统的均衡分析

17. perfect substitutability

完全可替代性

18. More specifically, in the context of agency theory, we question the existence of a substitutability effect regarding monitoringactivities by external board members.

尤其在代理理论的背景下，就外部委员会成员的监督活动而言，我们对替代效应的存在表示怀疑。

19. We provide products to the market itself has a forward-looking, not just the development cycle in 1923, regardless of our late, so that we are not a product substitutability, however, is.

所以我们给市场提供产品本身有一个前瞻性，不是短短两三年的开发周期，后期我们不管，这样看到我们产品一个不可替代性，本身是不过时的。

20. So that the location "really" are not only sexual and substitutability, is not speculation achievable.

所以说这个区位的“实在”是具有唯一性与不可替代性的，完全不是炒作可以达到的。

21. Operator Sites are not required to understand the nature of compatibility characters for substitutability or equivalence purposes, but must preserve the data as sent by a publisher.

操作入口站点无需理解兼容字符的相关替换或等价关系，但必须原封不动地保存发布者发送来的数据。

22. This research is the first one that combines the conceptions of complementarity and substitutability.

文中将产品的互补性与替代性竞争的概念结合在一起，为本研究与过去相关的研究最大的不同。

23. The main result is that without the possibility of merger, the location choices of competitive firms are affected not only by complementarity, but by substitutability.

根据本模型，在完全不考虑互补产品厂商合并时，互补产品厂商的区位选择只受到竞争厂商的影响，与主产品厂商之区位选择无关。

24. Combinatorial auctions are usually applying when the complementarity and substitutability relations vary among these auctions.

组合拍卖主要适用于市场中被拍卖物品间的互补/替代关系比较重要的时候。

25. Scarcity, substitutability and heterogeneity as three conceptions of economics has impacted health policy and health resource allocation.

经济学在稀缺性、替代性和异质性等3个基本概念上对卫生政策与卫生资源的合理配置产生了深刻的影响;

26. Conclusion:The natural Harvest clarifier can substitut e ethyl alcohol in the procedure of removing the impurity.

结论:澄清剂法可代替乙醇法用以除杂质。

27. And the lots have not decided whether property substitutability and scarcity level.

而地段则决定了物业是否具有不可替代性和稀缺程度。

28. factor substitutability

要素可替性

29. So it is necessary to research the substitutability of insurance and guarantee.

通过对比研究得出：信用担保和信用保险有相统一的一面，同时存在巨大的差异；

30. The substitutability between the dumped imports from different countries and the domestic like product, including such factors as the demands of special clients, product quality and so on;

（二）来自不同国家（地区）的倾销进口产品与国内同类产品之间的可替代程度，包括特定客户的要求及产品质量等相关因素；