sumerian

sumerian

1. These new owners who came here 300,000 years ago are the magnificent beings spoken of in your Bible, in the Babylonian and Sumerian tablets, and in texts all over the world.

000年前来到这里的这些新主人是你们圣经、巴比伦与闪族人石板和世界各地的文本谈到的庄严存在。

2. 2220 Sumerian civilization rises to new heights under enlightened rulers of Lagash. Thoth helps its king Gudea build a ziggurat-temple for Ninurta.

2220年，苏美尔文明在拉格萨的文明统治下，进入一个新高度。透德帮助它的国王古德为尼奴塔建造一个金字形神塔（顶上有神庙，是古亚叙和巴比伦的建筑）。

3. 10. 2220 Sumerian civilization rises to new heights under enlightened rulers of Lagash. Thoth helps its king Gudea build a ziggurat-temple for Ninurta.

2220年，苏美尔文明在拉格萨的文明统治下，进入一个新高度。透德帮助它的国王古德为尼奴塔建造一个金字形神塔（顶上有神庙，是古亚叙和巴比伦的建筑）。收藏指正

4. A recently translated document written in Sumerian but used as a textbook in the Babylonian schools is a veritable farmer's almanac;

一篇最近破译的苏美尔书写文献是一本真正的农民年鉴，在巴比伦学校里作为教科书之用；

5. There are, however, massive brick pillars in sumerian buildings at Ur and at Kish

不过，在乌尔和渴石的苏美尔人的建筑物中，有用砖砌成的粗大的柱子。

6. Experts say the first known slaves existed in the Sumerian society of what is now Iraq more than five thousand years ago.

专家们称目前所知道的最早的奴隶存在于5000年前的苏美尔**1社会，也就是现在的伊拉克。

7. To ensure that their legal, administrative, and economic institutions functioned effectively, the Babylonians used the cuneiform system of writing developed by their Sumerian predecessors.

为了确保他们的法律、管理和经济机构职能的有效性，巴比伦人使用了由他们的苏美尔人前辈发明的楔形文字书写系统。

8. Each person's activities and relations between the gods took place in the Sumerian concepts, even in the air is full of God.

人的每项活动都和神明发生关系，在苏美人的观念中，甚至空气中都充满了神。

9. For example, the Sumerian word "ti" means "to give life to.

但是人们想要记录的东西里面有很多都是很难画出来的。

10. But the revival of Sumerian fortune was to be short-lived, for after a short century, another wave of Semitic migrations signed the end of the original creators of Mesopotamian culture.

但是，苏美人的复兴却十分短暂。短暂的一个世纪以后，另一群闪族的移民结束了原始创造者最初的美索不达米亚文化。

11. Huaxia nationality was from Tigris and Euphrates valley, they were of the same race with Sumerian.

华夏族来自两河流域,与苏美尔人同俗同源,至中华本土后,经涿鹿之战,成为征服民族,至秦始皇时,又与土著民族融而合一。

12. for the Law code of Sumerian created by Wulkrela Suthera, too.

卡瑞那、絮勒瑞所创作的一些苏美法典的汇编。

13. After Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian domination of the turns, the number of gods, as in other parts of the human rare.

历经苏美人、阿卡德人、巴比伦人、亚述人的轮番统治，其神明的数量之多，为人类其他地区罕见。

14. Canaan is mentioned in a document from the 18th century BC found in the ruins of Mari, a former Sumerian outpost in Syria.

发现于马里废墟，一个位于叙利亚的前苏美尔人边区村落的一份公元前18世纪的文献提到了迦南。

15. School Education of Ancient West Asia Sumerian

古代西亚苏美尔人的学校教育

16. 5. contemporaneously, or possibly a little later, there developed a great Sumerian civilisation.

同时，或稍晚一些，这里形成了伟大的闪族文明。

17. So too the stories of Moses and of Samson have Sumerian and Babylonian parallels.

同样，关于摩西和参孙的传说在苏美尔和巴比伦也有相似的版本。

18. An ancient city of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley of present-day central Iraq. Its extensive ruins have yielded valuable archaeological evidence about Sumerian culture.

启什美索不达米亚的古代城市，位于今天伊拉克中部幼发拉底河流域。其众多的遗迹成为关于苏美尔人文明的有价值的考古学证据。

19. What are the other civilizations that are contemporary with the Sumerian civilization?

和苏美尔人同时代的文明还有哪些?

20. Thus any derivation of the biblical account from Sumerian and Babylonian mythology involves the confusion of the tales of Adapa and Enki.

因此，圣经故事的任何闪米特和巴比伦神话来源，都包含了这种对阿达帕和恩奇故事的混淆。

21. Akkad gave its name to the Akkadian language, reflecting use of akkad?("in the language of Akkad") in the Old Babylonian period to denote the Semitic version of a Sumerian text.

在公元前22世纪到公元前18世纪间，巴比伦出现之前，它的权力达到了顶峰。

22. At the same time, the Akkadian language replaced Sumerian, which continued to be used by scribes only for monumental inscriptions and religious literature.

在同一时期，阿卡得语取代了苏美尔语，而苏美尔语继续被抄写员使用，只作为纪念物的题字和宗教文献的语言。

23. After the final end of Sumerian power and civilization around 2000 BC, the area came under the exclusive control of Semitic peoples for centuries.

在大约公元前2000年最后的苏美尔人的势力和文明结束以后，这个地区（美苏不达米亚，两河流域）若个世纪都由闪族民族独占控制。

24. In the study of literature, the pupils copied and imitated various types of myths, epics, hymns, lamentations, proverbs, and essays in both the Sumerian and the Babylonian languages.

在学习文献中，学生复制和模仿不同类型的神话、史诗、圣歌、哀悼、谚语，以及苏美尔语和巴比伦语的散文。

25. under Sumerian law, everyone was not equal under the law.

在苏美尔人的法律下，每个人在法律下并不是平等的。

26. In Sumerian mythology the senior gods spent their time in leisure, while the junior gods labored at digging the channels of the rivers and other tasks.

在苏美尔人神话里面，较高级的神把他们的时间都花在空暇上，而较低级的神却在吃力地挖掘河流的通道和做其他工作。

27. Oppenheim states, "In Uruk, in southern Mesopotamia, Sumerian civilization seems to have reached its creative peak.

奥本海姆说：“在美索不达米亚南部的乌鲁克，苏美尔文明似乎已经达到了创造性的顶峰。

28. If refer to nations whin ancient nations,therefore,Sumerian,Hittie,Babylon,Greece,Iran and Syria are the different ancient civilizations which are much earlier(or almost the same) than ancient China.

如果要说“古国”之“国”，那么，古代“苏美尔、米诺斯、赫梯、巴比伦、希腊、伊朗、叙利亚”都是不同的“国”，都是比古中国更早（或几乎同时）的“文明古国”。

29. It speaks of early alchemists Zosimus and Isis and of course go back to Sumerian gods and myths.

它提到了早期的炼金术士佐西玛和伊希斯，当然也回到苏美尔的众神和神话中去。

30. The Babylonian and Sumerian goddess of healing who nursed sick humans.

巴比伦和闪族人（苏美尔）的护理病人的健康女神。

31. an area in the southern region of Babylonia; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC.

巴比伦尼亚南部的一个区域；苏美尔文明所在地，即建立城邦国家，公元前第三个千年一直繁荣。

32. The Babylonian goddess of grain. It is also the name of a Sumerian goddess.

巴比伦的粮食女神（女谷神），同时也是闪族人（苏美尔）的女神。

33. While the Sumerians disappear from the human story around 2000 BC, the invaders that overthrew them adopted their culture and became, more or less, Sumerian.

当苏美尔人在大约公元前2000年消失于人类传说中时，侵略者有同样的摒弃和转用了他们的文化，从而，或多或少的，成为闪族/苏美尔人。

34. Most Sumerian literature is written by Akkadian speakers when Sumerian was an extinct language.

当苏美尔语变成一种消亡语言的时候，大多数苏美尔文献都是由使用阿卡得语的人写成。

35. Some of the oldest and finest known jewelry comes from the burial site of the Sumerian ruler Queen Pu-abi.

我们已知的一些最古老，也是最精致的珠宝饰品是来自于苏美尔王朝统治者---普阿比皇后的墓葬遗址。

36. 4.We know very little about the early Semitic religions, but the Semites that invaded Mesopotamia seem to have completely abandoned their religion in favor of Sumerian religion.

我们现在对早期的苏美尔人的宗教的了解甚少，但是，那些在美索不达米亚的闪族旁支似乎完全的坡起了他们的宗教而继承了苏美尔人的宗教。

37. I mean, why doesn't anyone speak Sumerian anymore?

我想说，为什么现在现在没人再说苏美尔语了？

38. The Sumerian cuneiform deciphering skills of Zecharia Sitchen, a linguist in command of many ancient languages, has set the scientific world on its ear with his astounding interpretations of ancient writings.

扎查里亚西特切的闪族楔形文字破译技巧，一位语言学家在指挥着很多古代语言，已经把科学世界设计在它的倾听上，连同着他对古代作品惊人的解释。

39. The earliest known archaeological evidence of a canoe was unearthed at the tomb of a Sumerian king near the Euphrates River.This relic is estimated to be around 6000 years old.

最早有关划艇的考古发现是在位于幼发拉底河附近的一个闪族国王的坟墓中被发掘的，该遗迹已有6000年左右的历史。

40. Finally, Sumerian law recognized class distinctions;

最终，苏美人的法律表现出等级特徵；

41. According to the Sumerian king list, Uruk was founded by Enmerkar, who brought the official kingship with him.

根据苏美尔王列表，乌鲁克是由恩美卡尔（恩莫卡）建立，他也得到了正式行政上的国王身份。

42. According to this viewpoint, the Sumerian tribe who established the Mesopotamian civilization was the Korean race.

根据这个观点，创造了美索不达米亚文明的苏美尔人属于韩民族。

43. It used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian, an unrelated, non-Semitic language.

楔形文字书写体系的使用基本上是源自古代闪族人，是一种不相干的非闪族语系语言。

44. Being a character or characters formed by the arrangement of small wedge-shaped elements and used in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian writing.

楔形文字的由小型楔形元素排列而成并被古时的苏美尔人、阿卡得人、亚述人、巴比伦人和波斯人书写的符号式文字的

45. As with Sumerian and many other mythologies a cosmic struggle for supremacy arises in which mortal combat occurs.

正如苏美尔人和其它很多神话一样，一场为了争夺宇宙地位最高者而发生的致命斗争发生了。

46. Gradually, these pictographs became more stylized and wedge-like or cuneiform (Latin for wedge = cuneus) and adapted to write the local language, or Sumerian.

渐渐地，这些象形文字变得更加规范化，变成了楔形文字，适合于书写当地的语言，或者是苏美尔语。

47. The division into kingdoms has removed any trace of the Sumerian city-state and with it, disappeared most of it's principles upon which they were founded.

王国的划分与闪米特人城邦的痕迹无任何关系。他们发现的大多数原则都不见了。

48. The Sumerian gods had human bodies andfaces.But most of the Egyptian gods had animal heads .

由于粮食充裕，因此，人们不必拼命劳作，于是他们就有了许多闲暇时间。

49. The administration was centralised and the Semitic language Akkadian (named after Sargon's capital) was introduced as the official language in preference to Sumerian.

管理是集中进行，闪米特语系的阿卡得语（按萨尔贡的首都来命名）优先于苏美尔语而被引入官方语言。

50. The principal Mesopotamian Gods were identified with the forces of nature, such as Anu (sky god), Sin (moon god), Enki (water god), and Enlil (wind god). See Sumerian Gods and Goddesses

美索不达米亚主要的神是与自然力相一致，例如安努（天神），辛（月神），恩奇（水神）和伊利尔（风神）。可参看苏美尔的神和女神。

51. The Mesopotamian view on the supernatural is an inextricable mixture of Sumerian and Akkadian origin, influenced by an unknown substrate population.

美索不达米亚人认为不可思议的事是苏美尔和阿卡得起源的不可分混合物，被一种未知的底层人口所影响。

52. Mesopotamia,the Greek name for the Land between the Two Rivers,is the cradle of human civilization,where the Sumerian,Akkadian,Babylonian and Assyrian cultures flourished and where the first Hebrew myths were born.

美索不达米亚，在希腊语中意为"两河之间的地区"。这里是人类文明的摇篮，苏美尔文化、阿卡得文化、巴比伦文化和亚述文化都曾在此兴盛，最早的希伯来神话也诞生于此。

53. Sumerian religion was oriented squarely in this world.

苏美人的宗教横向影响了这个世界。

54. The principal character of Sumerian government was bureaucracy;

苏美人的政府的主要特徵就是官僚机构；

55. Sumerian religion was polytheistic, that is, the Sumerians believed in and worshipped many gods.

苏美尔人的宗教拾多神教，也就是，苏美尔人奉信和膜拜很多神灵。

56. This Sumerian learning had a very great vitality.

苏美尔人的这种学识是具有强大的生命力的。

57. Sumerian Civilization

苏美尔文明

58. site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC

苏美尔文明所在地，即建立城邦国家，公元前第三个千年一直繁荣

59. The Sumerian King List", article in Analects of Ancient History, Beijing, China

苏美尔王表,《古史论丛》,三联书店

60. Sumerian myth, Hittites myth, a myth of their letters have a great impact.

苏美尔神话、赫梯神话、迦南神话对其都有巨大的影响。

61. Sumerian (although no longer a spoken language) was reintroduced as the official written language of the dynasty known to historians as the Third Dynasty of Ur.

苏美尔语（尽管已经很久不再被使用）也被重新引入，成为历史学家们所知的乌尔第三王朝的官方书写语言。

62. Common Sumerian Words and Phrases in English

英语中常见闪族单子与短语

63. Pharmacology, too, doubtless had made considerable progress, although the only major direct evidence of this comes from a Sumerian tablet written several centuries before Hammurabi.

药理学也一样，无疑是取得相当大的进展，尽管只有这方面的主要直接证据是来自早于汉谟拉比法典数个世纪的苏美尔泥版。

64. Although we don't know much about Sumerian law, scholars agree that the Code of Hammurabi, written by a Babylonian monarch, reproduces Sumerian law fairly exactly.

虽然我们对苏美人的法律瞭解不多，学者们同意巴比伦君王书写的汉摩拉比的法令，公平的严密的复制了苏美人的法律。

65. These early writings (besides the numerals) were actually pictures, or rough sketches, you might say, of the words they represented; this early Sumerian writing was pictographic writing.

这些最早的书写文字（除了数字以外）是事实上的绘画形式，或者草图，你可能会叫做这些为他们描绘的词汇；这些苏美尔人最早的书写文字是象形文字。

66. this early Sumerian writing was pictographic writing.

这些苏美人最早的书写文字是象形文字。

67. The world's oldest arch survives here,together with some of the oldest known writing:many of the bricks of the Ziggurat are stamped with the name of Ur Nammu,the Sumerian king who built it.

这里保存着世界上最古老的拱门，还有一些已知的最古老的文字：金字形神塔很多砖块上都刻有其建造者苏美尔国王乌尔·那姆的名字。

68. The bricks of the Ziggurat are stamped with the name of Ur Nammu,the Sumerian king who built it.

金字形神塔的砖块上刻有其建造者苏美尔国王乌尔·那姆的名字。

69. The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh is filled with mentions of fiery chariots and people being taken up to the garden of God.

闪米特人的吉尔伽美什史诗充满了火焰般的战车，还有人类被带到神的花园。

70. The Akkadians abandoned much of their culture and absorbed vast amounts of Sumerian culture, including their religion, writing, government structure, literature, and law.

阿卡德人抛弃了很多他们的文化而一心一意的扩充了苏美人的文化，包括他们的信仰，书写，政府结构，文学，和法律。

71. The Akkadians were a Semitic people living on the Arabic peninsula during the great flourishing period of the Sumerian city-states.

阿卡德人是苏美尔城邦繁荣时期居住在阿拉伯半岛的闪族的一个民族。

72. Foster.The Sumerian Gilgamesh poems / translated by Douglas Frayne.The Hittite Gilgamesh / translated by Gary Beckman.

题名项 24514$aThe epic of Gilgamesh :$ba new translation, analogues, criticism /$ctranslated and edited by Benjamin R.