to

to
preposition

expressing motion in the direction of (a particular location)
［表示方向］向，朝，往；到
walking down to the shops.
向南走到商店。
my first visit to Africa.
我首次游览非洲。
■expressing location, typically in relation to a specified point of reference
［尤指相对于具体参照点的位置］离；在，于
forty miles to the south of the site.
在这个地方以南40英里。
place the cursor to the left of the first word.
把光标放在第一个词的左边。
■expressing a point reached at the end of a range or after a period of time
［表示范围、时段］到，达
a drop in profits from £105 m to around £75 m.
利润从1亿500万英镑降至约7,500万英镑。
from 1938 to 1945.
从1938年至1945年。
■(chiefly Brit.)(in telling the time) before (the hour specified)
(主英)［后接具体钟点用于报时］在…之前
it's five to ten.
9点55分。
■approaching or reaching (a particular condition)
倾向于；趋于
Christopher's expression changed from amazement to joy.
克里斯托弗的表情由惊奇转为喜悦。
she was close to tears.
她眼泪快掉下来了。
■expressing the result of a process or action
［表示结果］成，至
smashed to smithereens.
捣成碎片。
identifying the person or thing affected
［表牵涉到的人、事］对（于）
you were terribly unkind to her.
你对她太坏了。
■identifying the recipient or intended recipient of something
［动作的承受者］（给）予；对，于
they donated £400 to the hospice.
他们把400英镑捐给了收容所。
I am deeply grateful to my parents.
我十分感激我的父母。
identifying a particular relationship between one person and another
［表两人间关系］跟，与；作为
he is married to his cousin Emma.
他和表妹埃玛结婚。
economic adviser to the president.
总统的经济顾问。
■in various phrases indicating how something is related to something else (often followed by a noun without a determiner)
［后常接不带冠词的名词，表关联］关于；与…相关
made to order.
整理得井井有条。
a prelude to disaster.
灾难的前奏。
■indicating a rate of return on something, for example the distance travelled in exchange for fuel used, or an exchange rate that can be obtained in one currency for another
［表示数量的比例关系］每
it only does ten miles to the gallon.
每加仑汽油只能行驶十英里。
■(to the)(Mathematics)indicating the power (exponent) to which a number is raised
(数)乘方
ten to the minus thirty-three.
10的负33次方。
indicating that two things are attached
［表示附属、附加］属于；附于；归于
he had left his dog tied to a drainpipe.
他就让狗拴在排水管上。
they are inextricably linked to this island.
他们和这座岛屿有千丝万缕的关系。
concerning or likely to concern (something, especially something abstract)
对于，关于
a threat to world peace.
对世界和平的威胁。
a reference to Psalm 22:18.
参见《诗篇》22∶18。
governing a phrase expressing someone's reaction to something
［后接词组表示对某事的反应］（面）对；应；使
to her astonishment, he smiled.
使她震惊的是，他笑了。
used to introduce the second element in a comparison
［引出第二个比较成分］比
it's nothing to what it once was.
比起原先的情况，这算不上什么。
placed before a debit entry in accounting
［结算账目时置于借方分录前］记入

infinitive marker

used with the base form of a verb to indicate that the verb is in the infinitive, in particular
［与动词原形一起构成动词的不定式］将（要），尤指
■expressing purpose or intention
为了，以便
I set out to buy food.
我出去买食品。
we tried to help.
我们尽力想帮忙。
I am going to tell you a story.
我要给你讲个故事。
■expressing an outcome, result, or consequence
以至于；结果是
he was left to die.
人们让他自生自灭。
he managed to escape.
他想方设法逃跑了。
■expressing a cause
因为，由于
I'm sorry to hear that.
听到这事儿我很难过。
■indicating a desired or advisable action
想要；该
I'd love to go to France this summer.
今年夏天我很想去法国。
we asked her to explain.
我们要求她做个解释。
the leaflet explains how to start a course.
小册子上说明了如何开始一门课程。
■indicating a proposition that is known, believed, or reported about a specified person or thing
（知道，相信）是；（报道）说
a house that people believed to be haunted.
人们认为在闹鬼的屋子。
■(about to)forming a future tense with reference to the immediate future
即将，就要
he was about to sing.
他就要唱了。
■after a noun, indicating its function or purpose
［置于名词后］用作
a chair to sit on.
用来坐的椅子。
something to eat.
吃的东西。
■after a phrase containing an ordinal number
［置于含序数词的词组后］做
the first person to arrive.
第一个到的人。
used without a verb following when the missing verb is clearly understood
［后面省略表示已知动作的动词］这么做
he asked her to come but she said she didn't want to.
他请她来，但她说她不想来。

adverb

so as to be closed or nearly closed
关着；虚掩着
he pulled the door to behind him.
他从身后拉上了门。

语源

Old English tō (adverb and preposition), of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch toe and German zu

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