work

work
noun
[mass noun]
  1. activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result
    工作；劳动
    he was tired after a day's work in the fields.
    在田里劳作了一天后，他累了。
    ■[in combination or with modifier](works)(chiefly Brit.)operations of building or repair
    (主英)建筑，维修工程
    extra costs caused by additional building works.
    因附加建筑工程而增加的额外成本。
    ■(works)[treated as sing.](chiefly Brit.)a place or premises for industrial activity, typically manufacturing
    (主英)工厂（尤指制造厂）
    [with modifier]he found a job in the locomotive works.
    他在机车厂找到了一份工作。
  2. such activity as a means of earning income; employment
    职业；差事
    I'm still looking for work.
    我仍在找工作。
    ■the place where one engages in such activity
    工作地点，工作场所；办公室
    I was returning home from work on a packed subway.
    我正乘坐拥挤的地铁下班回家。
    ■the period of time spent during the day engaged in such activity
    工作时间，上班时间
    he was going to the theatre after work.
    他下班后打算去看戏。
    ■[count noun](W. Indian)a job
    (西印度)工作；活儿
    I decided to get a work.
    我决定找份工作。
  3. a task or tasks to be undertaken; something a person or thing has to do
    （待做的）工作；任务
    they made sure the work was progressing smoothly.
    他们确保工作进展一直顺利。
    ■the materials for this
    工作物，工件，活计
    she frequently took work home with her.
    她经常把活儿带回家。
    ■(works)(Theology)good or moral deeds
    (神学)善行；德行
    the Clapham sect was concerned with works rather than with faith.
    克拉彭教派更在乎的是做善事而非信仰虔诚。
  4. something done or made
    制作品；产品
    her work hangs in all the main American collections.
    她的作品挂在美国各大收藏馆。
    ■the result of the action of a specified person or thing
    工作成果
    the bombing had been the work of a German-based cell.
    爆炸是以德国为基地的基层组织的杰作。
    ■[count noun]a literary or musical composition or other piece of fine art
    （文学或音乐）作品，创作
    a work of fiction.
    小说创作。
    ■(works)all such pieces by a particular author, composer, or artist, regarded collectively
    作品，著作
    the works of Schubert fill several feet of shelf space.
    数英尺高的书架上放满了舒伯特的作品。
    ■a piece of embroidery, sewing, or knitting, typically made using a specified stitch or method
    针线活；刺绣品
    ■[count noun](一般作 works)(Military)a defensive structure
    (军)防御工事
  5. (works)the operative part of a clock or other machine
    （钟或机器的）活动机件，运转机构
    she could almost hear the tick of its works.
    她几乎能听到钟滴滴答答走动的声音。
  6. (Physics)the exertion of force overcoming resistance or producing molecular change
    (物)功；做功
  7. (the works)(informal)everything needed, desired, or expected!
    (非正式)相关的所有事物，全套事物
    the heavens put on a show: sheet lightning, hailstones, the works.
    天空呈现出一片蔚为壮观的景象： 片状闪电、冰雹以及诸如此类的气象景观。
(past and past participle worked 或古 wrought)
[no obj.]
  1. be engaged in physical or mental activity in order to achieve a purpose or result, especially in one's job; do work
    工作；干活；劳动
    an engineer who had been working on a design for a more efficient wing.
    一直致力于设计效率更高的机翼的工程师。
    new contracts forcing employees to work longer hours.
    迫使员工们工作更长时间的新合同。
    ■be employed, typically in a specified occupation or field
    受雇佣，从事职业，担任差事
    Taylor has worked in education for 17 years.
    泰勒在教育界已工作了17年。
    ■[with obj.](W. Indian)be engaged in (a particular occupation)
    (西印度)从事（某职业）
    I worked fireman on ships.
    我在船上当消防员。
    ■(work in)(of an artist) produce articles or pictures using (a particular material or medium)
    （工匠）加工
    he works in clay over a very strong frame.
    他在非常坚实的框架上制作陶器。
    ■[with obj.]produce (an article or design) using a specified material or sewing stitch
    缝制；绣制
    the castle itself is worked in tent stitch.
    城堡本身用帐篷缝制法绣制。
    ■[with obj.]set to or keep at work
    使工作；使干活；使劳动
    Jane is working you too hard.
    简拼命地使唤你。
    ■[with obj.]cultivate (land) or extract materials from (a mine or quarry)
    开垦（土地)，开采（矿石等）
    contracts and leases to work the mines.
    开采矿石的合同和契约。
    ■[with obj.]practise one's occupation or operate in or at (a particular place)
    在（某地区）从事活动
    I worked a few clubs and so forth.
    我曾在几家俱乐部以及诸如此类的地方工作。
    ■make efforts to achieve something; campaign
    尽力；努力做
    an organization working for a better life for people diagnosed or treated as having mental illness.
    致力于让精神病患者或已接受精神病治疗的人们过上更好的生活的机构。
  2. (of a machine or system) operate or function, especially properly or effectively
    （机器，系统）运转，开动
    his cell phone doesn't work unless he goes to a high point.
    除非他到高处去，否则他的手机就没信号。
    ■(of a machine or a part of it) run; go through regular motions
    （机器或其部件）运行，运转
    it's designed to go into a special ‘rest’ state when it's not working.
    将它设计成不运行时，就进入休眠状态。
    ■(especially of a person's features) move violently or convulsively
    使抽动；使颤动
    hair wild, mouth working furiously.
    头发乱舞，嘴角抽动得厉害。
    ■[with obj.]cause (a device or machine) to operate
    使（装置，机器）运转；操作，操纵（装置，机器等）
    teaching customers how to work a VCR.
    教顾客如何使用盒式卡带录音机。
    ■(of a plan or method) have the desired result or effect
    （计划，方法）产生预期效果；发挥作用，有效
    the desperate ploy had worked.
    孤注一掷的做法起作用了。
    ■[with obj.]bring about; produce as a result
    使发生；产生
    with a dash of blusher here and there, you can work miracles.
    你搽些能使脸色红润的化妆品，一定可以创造奇迹。
    ■[with obj.](informal)arrange or contrive
    (非正式)安排；想出
    the chairman was prepared to work it for Phillip if he was interested.
    如果菲利普感兴趣，主席准备为他安排。
    ■(work on/upon)exert influence or use one's persuasive power on (someone or their feelings)
    影响；说服（某人或其情感）
    she worked upon the sympathy of her associates.
    她赢得了同伴的同情。
    ■[with obj.]use one's persuasive power to stir the emotions of (a person or group of people)
    使激动；激起
    the born politician's art of working a crowd.
    天生政治家鼓动群众的艺术。
  3. [with obj. and adverbial or complement]bring (a material or mixture) to a desired shape or consistency by hammering, kneading, or some other method
    揉和；搅拌
    work the mixture into a paste with your hands.
    用你的双手把混合物揉成面团。
    ■bring into a specified state, especially an emotional state
    激发，刺激
    Harold had worked himself into a minor rage.
    哈罗德有点生气。
  4. move or cause to move gradually or with difficulty into another position, typically by means of constant movement or pressure
    （使）缓慢行进；（使）费力移动
    [with obj. and adverbial or complement]comb from tip to root, working out the knots at the end.
    从发端梳到发根，慢慢地梳理开末端的结。
    [no obj., with adverbial or complement]its stanchion bases were already working loose.
    窗柱底部已开始松动了。
    ■[with adverbial](Sailing)make progress to windward, with repeated tacking
    (航海)顶风航行
    trying to work to windward in light airs.
    尽力使船在微风中顶风而行。
常用词组
at work
  1. engaged in work
    在工作；在干活；在劳作
    ■in action
    在活动，在运转
    researchers were convinced that one infectious agent was at work.
    研究人员们确信有种传染性因子在起作用。
give someone the works
informal
非正式
  1. tell someone everything
    对某人和盘托出
  2. treat someone harshly
    让某人吃苦头，折磨某人
    ■kill someone
    杀害某人
have one's work cut out
  1. be faced with a hard or lengthy task
    面临艰巨的任务；十分忙碌
in the works
  1. (chiefly N.Amer.)being planned, worked on, or produced
    (主北美)在筹备中；在进行中；在生产中
set to work (或 set someone to work)
  1. begin or cause to begin work
    开始工作；使着手工作
a spanner (或北美 monkey wrench) in the works
  1. a person or thing that prevents the successful implementation of a plan
    从中捣乱的人；破坏计划的人（或事）
the work of ——
  1. a task occupying a specified amount of time
    费一定工夫的事
    it was the work of a moment to discover the tiny stab wound.
    一会就能找出那刺破的小伤口。
work one's ass (或 butt 等) off
  1. (vulgar slang)work extremely hard
    (粗俚)拼命干
work one's fingers to the bone
  1. 见 bone
work to rule
  1. (chiefly Brit.)(typically as a form of industrial action) follow official working rules and hours exactly in order to reduce output and efficiency
    (主英)故意死扣规章而减低生产效率，变相怠工
    ■a form of industrial action of this type
    变相怠工形式
work one's passage
  1. pay for one's journey on a ship with work instead of money
    在船上打工代付船费
work one's way through university (或 college 等)
  1. obtain the money for educational fees or maintenance as a student by working
    打工挣钱读完大学，勤工俭学读完大学
work one's will on/upon
  1. accomplish one's purpose on
    把意志强加于
    she set a coiffeur to work his will on her hair.
    她让男发型师任意打理她的头发。
work wonders
  1. 见 wonder
派生
workless
adjective
语源
  1. Old English weorc (noun), wyrcan (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch werk and German Werk, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek ergon
继承用法
work something in
  1. include or incorporate something, typically in something spoken or written
    把…穿插进去；把…插入
work something off
  1. discharge a debt by working
    （以工作）抵偿债务
  2. reduce or get rid of something by work or activity
    （通过工作、活动等）消除，去除
    one of those gimmicks for working off aggression.
    消除侵略的花招之一。
work out
  1. (of an equation) be capable of being solved
    解出，算出（方程等）
    ■(work out at)be calculated at
    总共达
    the losses work out at $2.94 a share.
    损失共计每股2.94美金。
  2. have a good or specified result
    产生结果；发展；成功
    things don't always work out that way.
    事情并不总是那样发展的。
  3. engage in vigorous physical exercise or training, typically at a gym
    （尤指在体育馆里）锻炼，训练
work someone out
  1. understand someone's character
    理解，弄懂（人的个性）
work something out
  1. solve a sum or determine an amount by calculation
    解决；计算
    ■solve or find the answer to something
    想出（答案）
    I couldn't work out whether it was a band playing or a record.
    我听不出是乐队在演奏呢还是在播放磁带。
  2. plan or devise something in detail
    制定；拟订（计划等）
    work out a seating plan.
    拟订好位置安排。
  3. (poetic/literary)accomplish or attain something with difficulty
    (诗／文)努力做好；刻苦完成
    malicious fates are bent on working out an ill intent.
    恶意的命运诸神决心实现歹毒的用意。
  4. (一般作 be worked out)work a mine until it is exhausted of minerals
    采尽（矿）
  5. another way of saying work something off above
    同 work something off above
work someone over
  1. (informal)treat someone with violence; beat someone severely
    (非正式)粗暴对待；痛打
    the coppers had worked him over a little just for the fun of it.
    只不过为了取乐，警开痛打了他一顿。
work to
  1. follow or operate within the constraints of (a plan or system)
    根据（计划，体系）行事
    working to tight deadlines.
    严格遵照最后期限行事。
work up to
  1. proceed gradually towards (something more advanced or intense)
    逐步发展到，逐渐达到
    the course starts with landing technique, working up to jumps from an enclosed platform.
    课程从着陆技巧开始教，后逐步教从密闭的平台跳下的技术。
work someone up
  1. (常作 get worked up)gradually bring someone, especially oneself, to a state of intense excitement, anger, or anxiety
    激发，激起（激动、愤怒、焦虑等情感）
    he got all worked up and started shouting and swearing.
    他变得激动起来，开始大叫、诅咒。
work something up
  1. bring something gradually to a more complete or satisfactory state
    发展成；使完满
    painters were accustomed to working up compositions from drawings.
    画家们总是从涂鸦开始发展成为创作的。
  2. develop or produce by activity or effort
    通过活动出（一身汗）
    despite the cold, George had already worked up a fair sweat.
    。
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