against

against
[əˈgɛnst, əˈgeɪnst]
preposition

in opposition to
反对
the fight against crime.
打击犯罪的斗争。
arguing against the ordination of women.
为反对授予妇女基督教圣职而争论。
you've turned her against me.
你让她和我作对起来了。
he decided against immediate publication.
他决定不马上出版。
swimming against the tide.
逆流游泳。
■with reference to legal action
（法律行动）针对
allegations against police officers.
针对警官的指控。
the first victim gave evidence against him.
第一受害人提出了对他不利的证据。
the council said it would appeal against the decision.
委员会说将诉请反对该决定。
■with reference to a sporting contest
（体育竞赛）…对…
the championship match against Somerset.
与萨默塞特进行的冠军争夺赛。
■(in betting) in anticipation of the failure of
（赌博用语）预计…的失败
the odds were 5:1 against England.
英格兰失败的几率是 5比1。
in anticipation of and preparation for (a problem or difficulty)
为…预备，为…准备，防备
insurance against sickness and unemployment.
医疗和失业保险。
he gritted his teeth against the pain.
他咬紧了牙忍着疼。
makeshift barricades against tank attacks.
阻挡坦克攻击的临时路障。
■in resistance to; as protection from
抗击，抵御
he turned up his collar against the wind.
他把领子竖起来挡风。
■in relation to (an amount of money owed, due, or lent) so as to reduce, cancel, or secure it
参照（欠款，到期款，租金）
money was advanced against the value of the property.
按财产价值预付钱款。
in conceptual contrast to
（概念上）按照，参照，与…相对
the benefits must be weighed against the costs.
必须按成本计算利润。
the instilling of habits as against the development of understanding.
按照理解力发展来养成习惯。
■in visual contrast to
（视觉上）对照
he was silhouetted against the light of the stair window.
从楼梯窗户射入的光线映衬出他的侧影。
in or into physical contact with (something), typically so as to be supported by or collide with it
倚着，靠在
she stood with her back against the door.
她背靠着门站着。
she sank back against the pillows.
她重新靠在枕头上。
frustration made him bang his head against the wall.
挫败让他以头撞墙。

常用词组
have something against someone

dislike or bear a grudge against someone
讨厌某人，对某人不满
I have nothing against you personally.
我对你个人没有不满。

语源

Middle English : from again + -s (adverbial genitive) + -t probably by association with superlatives (as in amongst)

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