defile

defile1
[dɪˈfʌɪl]
verb
  1. [with obj.]sully, mar, or spoil
    玷污，损伤，污损，弄脏
    the land was defiled by a previous owner.
    这土地都被前地主给糟踏了。
    ■desecrate or profane (something sacred)
    侮辱，亵渎（圣物）
    the tomb had been defiled and looted.
    这坟墓被亵渎盗掠了。
    ■(archaic)violate the chastity of (a woman)
    (古)玷污（妇女）
派生
defilement
noun
defiler
noun
语源
  1. late Middle English: alteration of obsolete defoul, from Old French defouler 'trample down', influenced by obsolete befile 'befoul, defile'
defile2
[dɪˈfʌɪl]
noun
  1. a steep-sided narrow gorge or passage (originally one requiring troops to march in single file)
    隘路，狭径
verb
  1. [no obj., with adverbial of direction](archaic)(of troops) march in single file
    (古)（部队）以单列（或纵队）行进
    we emerged after defiling through the mountainsides.
    我们成一路纵队从山腰走出来。
语源
  1. late 17th cent.: from French défilé (noun), défiler (verb), from dé 'away from' + file 'column, file'
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