discipline

discipline
[ˈdɪsɪplɪn]
noun
  1. [mass noun]the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behaviour, using punishment to correct disobedience
    训导；管教
    a lack of proper parental and school discipline.
    家长和学校缺乏适当的管教。
    ■the controlled behaviour resulting from such training
    自制；克制
    he was able to maintain discipline among his men.
    在他那群人里，他是有自制能力的。
    ■activity or experience that provides mental or physical training
    训练活动；训练
    the tariqa offered spiritual discipline.
    道乘教派提供精神训练。
    [count noun]Kung fu is a discipline open to old and young.
    功夫是一项老少皆宜的锻炼。
    ■[count noun]a system of rules of conduct
    纪律
    he doesn't have to submit to normal disciplines.
    他不用遵守一般的纪律。
  2. a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education
    （尤指高等教育中的）学科
    sociology is a fairly new discipline.
    社会学是一门相当新的学科。
verb
  1. [with obj.]train (someone) to obey rules or a code of behaviour, using punishment to correct disobedience
    训练；管教
    many parents have been afraid to discipline their children.
    很多父母害怕管教自己的孩子。
    ■(常作be disciplined)punish or rebuke (someone) formally for an offence
    惩罚；批评
    a member of staff was to be disciplined by management.
    有些职工会受到管理层的处罚。
    ■(discipline oneself to do something)train oneself to do something in a controlled and habitual way
    训练自己做
    every month discipline yourself to go through the file.
    每个月要训练自己检查文件。
派生
disciplinable
adjective
disciplinal
[ˌdɪsɪˈplʌɪn(ə)l, ˈdɪsɪˌplɪn(ə)l]
adjective
语源
  1. Middle English (in the sense 'mortification by scourging oneself'): via Old French from Latin disciplina 'instruction, knowledge', from discipulus (see disciple)
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