down

down1
adverb
  1. towards or in a lower place or position, especially to or on the ground or another surface
    向下（尤指向地面或其他平面）
    she looked down.
    她朝下看。
    the sun started to go down.
    太阳开始下山。
    he put his glass down.
    他放下杯子。
    she flicked the switch up and down.
    她上下拨动开关。
    he swung the axe to chop down the tree.
    他挥动斧头要把树砍倒。
    ■at or to a specified distance below
    在（或向）下面（某特定距离处）
    you can plainly see the bottom 35 feet down.
    你可以清楚地看到35英尺下的底部。
    ■downstairs
    在楼下；往楼下
    I went down to put the kettle on.
    我下楼去把水烧上。
    ■expressing movement or position away from the north
    向南方；在南方
    they're living down south.
    他们住在南边。
    ■to or at a place perceived as lower (often expressing casualness or lack of hurry)
    在（或往）较低处（常表达随意、悠闲之地）
    I'd rather be down at the villa.
    我宁愿住在别墅。
    I'm going down to the pub.
    我正要下（或去）酒馆。
    ■(Brit.)away from the capital or major city
    (英)离开首都（或重要城市）
    there are eight trains a day, four up and four down.
    一天8班列车，4班进城，4班出城。
    ■(Brit.)away from a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge
    (英)离开大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）
    ■(with reference to food or drink swallowed) in or into the stomach
    （指吃入或饮入的食物或水）在肚子里；到肚子里
    she couldn't keep anything down.
    她胃里什么也存不住。
    ■so as to lie or be fixed flush or flat
    使平整地放（或固定）于表面
    she stuck down a Christmas label.
    她贴上一个圣诞节标签。
    ■[as exclamation]used as a command to a person or animal to sit or lie down
    （命令人或动物）坐下（或躺下、趴下）
    down, boy!.
    孩子，趴下！。
    ■a crossword answer which reads vertically
    （纵横字谜游戏中的）纵向答案
    how many letters in fifteen down?.
    纵15有几个字母？。
  2. to or at a lower level of intensity, volume, or activity
    （强度、音量或活动）由强到弱；由高到低；由闹到静
    keep the noise down.
    调低音量。
    the panic was dying down.
    恐惧逐渐褪去。
    at night it would cool down.
    晚上会凉下来。
    ■to or at a lower price, value, or rank
    （价格、价值或等级）由高到低
    output was down by 20 per cent.
    产量降低了20%。
    soup is down from 59p to 49p.
    汤从59便士降到了49便士。
    ■to a finer consistency, a smaller amount or size, or a simpler or more basic state
    由稠变稀，由浓变淡；由多到少；由大到小；（情况）由复杂到简单
    I must slim down a bit.
    我必须瘦下来一点。
    a formal statement that can't be edited down.
    无法通过编辑缩短的正式声明。
    thin down an oil-based paint with spirits.
    用酒精稀释油基颜料。
    ■from an earlier to a later point in time or order
    （时间或排序）从先到后
    buildings in England down to 1540.
    英格兰直至1540年的建筑。
    everyone, from the President down to the bloke selling hot dogs, wants her dead.
    所有人，上至总统下至卖热狗的家伙，都希望她死。
  3. in or into a weaker or worse position, mood, or condition
    （地位、心情或状况）由高到低，由好到坏，由强到弱
    the scandal brought down the government.
    这一丑闻使政府垮台。
    he was down with the flu.
    他得流感病倒了。
    ■losing or at a disadvantage by a specified amount
    （以某一具体分值）输，落后
    United were 3–0 down.
    联合队0比3输了。
    ■used to express progress through a series of tasks or items
    完成，已通过，已处理
    one down and only six more to go.
    完成了一个，还有六个。
    ■(of a computer system) out of action or unavailable for use (especially temporarily)
    （电脑系统）（尤指暂时）处于失效（或瘫痪）状态，坏了，无法使用
    the system went down yesterday.
    昨天系统瘫痪了。
    ■(down with ——)shouted to express strong dislike of a specified person or thing
    （作为口号）打倒
    crowds chanted ‘Down with America!’.
    群众反复喊着：“打倒美国！” 。
  4. in or into writing
    （写）下，（记）下
    Graham noted the numbers down carefully.
    格雷厄姆小心记下了数字。
    taking down notes.
    记笔记。
    ■on or on to a list, schedule, or record
    列入（名单、计划或记录）
    I'll put you down for the evening shift.
    我会把你列入晚班名单。
  5. (with reference to partial payment of a sum of money) made initially or on the spot
    （分期付款的）初（付），付现
    pay £5 down and the rest at the end of the month.
    先付5英镑，其余的月底付。
  6. (of sailing) with the current or the wind
    （航海）顺水（或风）
    ■(of a ship's helm) moved round to leeward so that the rudder is to windward
    （舵）向下风
  7. (American Football)(of the ball or a player in possession) not in play, typically through progress being stopped
    (美橄)成死球
preposition
  1. from a higher to a lower point of (something)
    向下
    up and down the stairs.
    上下楼梯。
    tears streaming down her face.
    泪水顺着她的脸庞淌下。
    ■at or to a lower part of (a river or stream); nearer the sea
    在…的下游，向…的下游
    a dozen miles or so down the Thames.
    泰晤士河下游12英里左右。
    ■at a point further along the course of (something)
    在…的那一端
    he lived down the street.
    他住在这条街的那一端。
    ■along the course or extent of
    顺，沿，循
    I wandered down the road.
    我沿街漫步。
    an incision down the middle.
    纵贯中间的一道切口。
    ■(informal)at or to (a place)
    (非正式)在（或往）（某地）
    tired of going down the pub every night.
    对每晚去酒吧感到厌倦。
  2. throughout (a period of time)
    以来，持续…时间
    astrologers down the ages.
    自古以来的占星家。
adjective
  1. [attrib.]directed or moving towards a lower place or position
    向下的；下行的
    the down escalator.
    下行电梯。
    click on the down arrow.
    点击向下箭头。
    ■relating to or denoting trains travelling away from the main terminus
    （火车）从大的始发站出发的
    we travelled on the first down train.
    我们乘坐第一班始发列车。
    ■(Physics)denoting a flavour of quark having a charge of -13. Protons and neutrons are thought to be composed of combinations of up and down quarks
    (物)下（夸克），d（夸克）
  2. [predic.](of a person) unhappy; depressed
    （人）沮丧的，情绪低落的
    he's been so down lately.
    最近他情绪很低落。
    ■[attrib.](informal)(of a period of time) causing or characterized by unhappiness or depression
    (非正式)（日子）令人沮丧的；悲伤的
    of course, there were up days and down days.
    当然，有高兴日子，也有悲伤的日子。
  3. [predic.](of a computer system) temporarily out of action or unavailable
    （电脑系统）暂时无法使用的，坏了的
    sorry, but the computer's down.
    对不起，电脑坏了。
  4. [predic.](US black slang)supporting or going along with someone or something
    (美，黑人俚语)支持的；参加的
    ‘You going to the movies?’ ‘Yo, I'm down.’.
    “去看电影吗？”“好，一起去。”。
    ■aware of and following the latest fashion
    紧跟时尚的，赶时髦的
    a seriously down, hip-hop homie.
    一个十分时髦的嘻哈族。
verb
[with obj.](informal)(非正式)
  1. knock or bring to the ground
    击倒；击落；使摔倒（或倒、落下）
    175 enemy aircraft had been downed.
    175架敌机被击落。
    he struck Slater on the face, downing him.
    他击中斯莱特的面部，将其击倒。
  2. consume (something, typically a drink)
    喝掉，吃掉
    he downed five pints of cider.
    他喝了五品脱苹果酒。
    ■(of a golfer) sink (a putt)
    （高尔夫球手）轻击球入穴
noun
  1. (American Football)a chance for a team to advance the ball, ending when the ball-carrier is tackled or the ball becomes out of play. A team must advance at least ten yards in a series of four downs in order to keep possession
    (美橄)十码进攻
  2. (downs)(informal)unwelcome experiences or events
    (非正式)倒霉事，不幸事；挫折，失败
    there had been more downs than ups during his years at Ferrari.
    他在法拉利车队时失败多于成功。
  3. (informal)a feeling or period of unhappiness or depression
    (非正式)不快乐，沮丧
    everyone gets their downs, their depressive periods.
    每个人都有情绪低落、沮丧的时候。
    ■(informal). short for downer (in sense 1)
    (非正式)。 downer（义项1）的简称
常用词组
be (或 have) a down on
  1. (informal)disapprove of; feel hostile or antagonistic towards
    (非正式)反对，对…有敌意
be down to
  1. be attributable to (a particular factor or circumstance)
    可归因于，因为
    he claimed his problems were down to the media.
    他声称自己的问题是传媒引起的。
    ■be the responsibility of (a particular person)
    是（某人）的责任
    it's down to you to make sure the boiler receives regular servicing.
    确保锅炉定期维修是你的责任。
  2. be left with only (the specified amount)
    仅剩，仅余
    I'm down to my last few pounds.
    我仅剩最后几英镑了。
down in the mouth
  1. (informal)(of a person or their expression) unhappy; dejected
    (非正式)不高兴；沮丧
down on one's luck
  1. (informal)experiencing a period of bad luck
    (非正式)倒霉，运气不好
down tools
  1. (Brit. informal)stop work, especially as a form of industrial action
    (英，非正式)停工（尤指作为一种劳工抗议）
    the union instructed its members to down tools.
    工会指示其成员停工。
down town
  1. into or in the centre of a town
    往（或在）市中心
    I went down town to do a few errands.
    我去市中心办了几件事。
have (或 put) someone/thing down as
  1. judge someone or something to be (a particular type)
    认为…是（某种类型），断定
    I never had Jake down as a ladies' man.
    我从来不认为杰克是讨女人喜欢的人。
语源
  1. Old English dūn, dūne, shortened from adūne 'downward', from the phrase of dūne 'off the hill' (see down)
down2
noun
  1. [mass noun]softfine fluffy feathers which form the first covering of a young bird or an insulating layer below the contour feathers of an adult bird
    （鸟的）绒羽
    ■such feathers taken from ducks or their nests and used for stuffing cushions, quilts, etc.; eiderdown
    羽绒；鸭绒
    ■fine soft hair on the face or body of a person
    （人脸或身体上的）绒毛，软毛，汗毛
    the little girl had a covering of golden down on her head.
    这个小女孩头上有一层金色的绒毛。
    ■short soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, or seeds
    （植物叶、果实、种子上的）短绒毛
语源
  1. Middle English: from Old Norse dúnn
down3
noun
  1. (一般作 downs)a gently rolling hill
    丘陵
    the gentle green contours of the downs.
    丘陵柔和的绿色轮廓。
    ■(the Downs)ridges of undulating chalk and limestone hills in southern England, with few trees and used mainly for pasture
    （英格兰南部主要用于放牧的石灰岩）有草丘陵地，有草开阔高地
  2. (the Downs)a stretch of sea off the east coast of Kent, sheltered by the Goodwin Sands
    唐斯锚地（肯特郡东海岸在古德温暗沙保护下的一段海域）
语源
  1. Old English dūn 'hill' (related to Dutch duin 'dune'), perhaps ultimately of Celtic origin and related to Old Irish dún and obsolete Welsh din 'fort', which are from an Indo-European root shared by town
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