drill

drill¹
noun

a tool or machine with a rotating cutting tip or reciprocating hammer or chisel, used for making holes
钻头，冲子；钻床，钻机
■such a tool used by a dentist for cutting away part of a tooth before filling it
（牙科）钻头
[mass noun]instruction or training in military exercises
（军事）训练，操练
parade-ground drill.
阅兵场操练。
■intensive instruction or training in something, typically by means of repeated exercises
（强化）训练，（反复）操练
tables can be mastered by drill and practice.
九九表可通过训练和练习来掌握。
[count noun]language-learning drills.
语言练习。
■[count noun]a rehearsal of the procedure to be followed in an emergency
演习
air-raid drills.
防空演习。
■(the drill)(informal)the correct or recognized procedure or way of doing something
(非正式)规定程序，正确方法，常规
he didn't know the drill.
他不知道规定程序。
a predatory mollusc that bores into the shells of other molluscs in order to feed on the soft tissue
尾管螺
Family Muricidae, class Gastropoda: several genera and species, in particular the American oyster drill (Urosalpinx cinerea), which is a serious pest of oyster beds
骨螺科，腹足纲：数属和数种，特别是美洲的灰白尾管螺（拉丁名Urosalpinx cinerea），对牡蛎养殖场危害严重

verb
[with obj.]

produce (a hole) in something by or as if by boring with a drill
钻（孔），打（眼）
drill holes through the tiles for the masonry pins.
在瓷砖上打眼来钉水泥钉。
■make a hole in (something) by boring with a drill
在…上钻孔（或打眼）
a power tool for drilling wood.
在木头上钻孔的一种电动工具。
■[no obj., with adverbial of direction]make a hole in or through something by using a drill
打眼，钻孔
do not attempt to drill through a joist.
不要试图在托梁上钻孔。
his eyes drilled into her.
他的目光探进了她的内心。
■[no obj.]sink a borehole in order to obtain a certain substance, typically oil or water
钻井勘探（某物，尤指水或油）
BP has been licensed to drill for oil in the area.
英国石油公司获得许可在此区域钻探石油。
[as noun drilling]drilling should begin next year.
钻探将于明年开始。
■(of a dentist) cut away part of (a tooth) before filling it
（镶补前）在（牙齿）上钻洞
■[with obj. and adverbial of direction](informal)(of a sports player) hit (a shot) hard and in a straight line
(非正式)（运动员）用力直线击（球）
he drilled a right-foot volley into the back of the net.
他右脚凌空抽射，球直入网底。
subject (someone) to military training exercises
（军事）操练，训练
a sergeant was drilling new recruits.
一个军士在训练新兵。
■[no obj.](of a person) take part in such exercises
（参加）操练，训练
the troops were drilling.
军队正在操练。
■instruct (someone) in something by the means of repeated exercises or practice
通过反复练习教会（某人）
I reacted instinctively because I had been drilled to do just that.
我本能地作出反应，因为我一直被训练这样去做。
■(drill something into)cause (someone) to learn something by repeating it regularly
通过反复讲解灌输
his mother had drilled into him the need to pay for one's sins.
他母亲反复地给他灌输恶有恶报的必然性。
[no obj.](drill down)(Computing)access data which is in a lower level of a hierarchically structured database
(计算机)提取多级数据库的低层数据

派生
driller
noun
语源

early 17th cent.: from Middle Dutch drillen 'bore, turn in a circle'

drill²
noun

a machine which makes small furrows, sows seed in them, and then covers the sown seed
条播机
■a small furrow, especially one made by such a machine
条播犁沟
■a ridge with such a furrow on top
条播垄沟
■a row of plants sown in such a furrow
（一排）条播作物
drills of lettuces.
一排排的条播莴苣。

verb

[with obj.](of a person or machine) sow (seed) with a drill
（人，机器）条播（种子）
crops drilled in autumn.
秋季条播的作物。
■plant (the ground) in furrows
在（土地）上条播
[as noun drilling]accurate ridging and drilling make hoeing much easier.
精确的翻地作垄和条播使锄草简单了许多。

语源

early 18th cent. (as a noun in the sense 'small furrow'): perhaps from drill

drill³
noun

a dark brown baboon with a short tail and a naked blue or purple rump, found in the rainforests of West Africa
黑面狒狒，鬼狒。比较 mandrill
Mandrillus leucophaeus, family Cercopithecidae
拉丁名Mandrillus leucophaeus，猴科

语源

mid 17th cent.: probably a local word. Compare with mandrill

drill⁴
noun

[mass noun]a coarse twilled cotton or linen fabric
粗斜纹布（棉或麻）

语源

early 18th cent.: abbreviation of earlier drilling, from German Drillich, from Latin trilix 'triple-twilled', from tri- 'three' + licium 'thread'

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