fall

fall
(past fell ; past participle fallen )
[no obj., with adverbial]
  1. move downwards, typically rapidly and freely without control, from a higher to a lower level
    （尤指迅速、不受控地）下落，下降
    bombs could be seen falling from the planes.
    可以看见炸弹从飞机上急速坠落。
    [as adj. falling]the power lines had been brought down by falling trees.
    倒下的树压倒了电线。
    ■(fall off)become detached accidentally and drop to the ground
    意外地脱落在地
    my sunglasses fell off and broke on the pavement.
    我的太阳镜突然掉到人行道上摔坏了。
    ■hang down
    垂挂
    hair that was allowed to fall to the shoulders.
    垂肩的头发。
    ■(of land) slope downwards; drop away
    （地面）下倾；下斜
    the land fell away in a steep bank.
    地面下倾形成陡峭的河岸。
    ■(fall into)(of a river) flow or discharge itself into
    （河流）流向；注入
    ■[no obj.](of someone's eyes or glance) be directed downwards
    （目光，视线）向下看，垂下
    ■[no obj.](of someone's face) show dismay or disappointment by appearing to sag or droop
    （脸）沉下来，变阴沉（以示沮丧或失望）
    her face fell as she thought about her life with George.
    想到她和乔治的生活，她的脸沉了下来。
    ■(figurative)occur, arrive, or become apparent as if by dropping suddenly
    (喻)蓦然发生；骤然降临；突然显现
    when night fell we managed to crawl back to our lines.
    夜幕降临时，我们终于潜回我方阵地。
    the information might fall into the wrong hands.
    情报有可能落入不该知道的人手中。
  2. (of a person) lose one's balance and collapse
    （人）摔倒
    she fell down at school today.
    她今天在学校摔了一跤。
    ■throw oneself down, typically in order to worship or implore someone
    （尤指为祈祷或恳求某人而）下跪
    they fell on their knees, rendering thanks to God.
    他们双膝下跪，向上帝表示感激之情。
    ■(of a tree, building, or other structure) collapse to the ground
    （树、建筑物或其他结构）垮塌，倒下
    the house looked as if it were going to fall down at any moment.
    房子看上去随时有可能倒塌。
    ■(of a building or place) be captured or defeated
    （建筑物，地方）沦陷；被攻陷（或占领）
    their mountain strongholds fell to enemy attack.
    他们的山区要塞被敌人攻破了。
    ■die in battle
    战死，阵亡
    an English leader who had fallen at the hands of the Danes.
    战死在丹麦人手下的英国将领。
    ■[no obj.](archaic)commit sin; yield to temptation
    (古)堕落；受诱惑
    it is their husbands' fault if wives do fall.
    如果妻子真的堕落，那是丈夫的错。
    ■[no obj.](of a government or leader) lose office
    （政府，领导人）垮台，下台，失去地位
    ■(Cricket)(of a wicket) be taken by the bowling side
    (板球)（三柱门）被投中
    ■(fall over)(informal)(of computer hardware or software) stop working suddenly; crash
    (非正式)（电脑硬件或软件）突然出错；坏死
  3. decrease in number, amount, intensity, or quality
    减少；下降；减弱
    in 1987 imports into Britain fell by 12 per cent.
    1987年英国进口额降低了12%。
    we're worried that standards are falling.
    我们担心标准在降低。
    ■find a lower level; subside or abate
    降低；减少；减轻
    the water table in the Rift Valley fell.
    东非大裂谷的地下水位下降了。
    ■(of a measuring instrument) show a lower reading
    （测量仪）读数下降
    the barometer had fallen a further ten points.
    气压表读数又下降了十点。
    ■(fall away)(in sport) play less well; lose form
    （体育用语）表现较差；发挥失常；技术走形
  4. pass into a specified state
    变得
    many of the buildings fell into disrepair.
    那些建筑物有多幢被损失修。
    [with complement]she fell pregnant.
    她怀孕了。
    ■(fall to doing something)begin to do something
    开始做
    he fell to musing about how it had happened.
    他开始思考这事是怎么发生的。
    ■be drawn accidentally into
    偶然陷入；意外产生
    you must not fall into this common error.
    你千万不要犯这种常见错误。
    ■occur at a specified time
    （在一特定时间）发生
    Mother's birthday fell on May Day.
    妈妈的生日正巧是五一节。
    ■be classified or ordered in the way specified
    （按某一特定方式）被归类；被排列
    canals fall within the Minister's brief.
    运河都归该大臣管辖。
noun
  1. [usu. in sing.]an act of falling or collapsing; a sudden uncontrollable descent
    落下，跌落；垮塌；跌倒
    his mother had a fall, hurting her leg as she alighted from a train.
    他妈妈下火车时摔了一跤，跌伤了腿。
    ■a controlled act of falling, especially as a stunt or in martial arts
    （尤指特技或武术中的）跟斗；飞身下跳
    ■(Wrestling)a move which pins the opponent's shoulders on the ground for a count of three
    (摔跤)得分动作（将对手肩膀按在地上等裁判数三下）
    ■a state of hanging or drooping downwards
    悬挂；垂落；下垂
    the fall of her hair.
    她秀发的垂落。
    ■a downward difference in height between parts of a surface
    落差
    at the corner of the massif this fall is interrupted by other heights of considerable stature.
    其他那些高度可观的山峰使落差在山体的这一角落不那么明显。
    ■a sudden onset or arrival as if by dropping
    （蓦然）降临，来临
    the fall of darkness.
    暮色骤降。
  2. a thing which falls or has fallen
    降落物；下降物
    in October came the first thin fall of snow.
    10月小雪初飘。
    a rock fall.
    滚落的石块。
    ■(一般作. falls)a waterfall or cascade
    瀑布
    ■(chiefly poetic/literary)a downward turn in a melody
    (主诗/文)降调
    that strain again, it had a dying fall.
    又是那旋律，它的结尾是降调。
    ■(falls)the parts or petals of a flower which bend downwards, especially the outer perianth segments of an iris
    下垂的花瓣；花体的下垂部分（尤指鸢尾的外花被）
  3. a decrease in size, number, rate, or level; a decline
    下降；衰退
    a big fall in unemployment.
    失业率的大幅度下降。
  4. a loss of office
    卸任；下台
    the fall of the government.
    政府的垮台。
    ■the loss of a city or fortified place during battle
    （战争中城市或要塞的）失守，沦陷
    the fall of Jerusalem.
    耶路撒冷的沦陷。
    ■a person's moral descent, typically by succumbing to temptation
    道德沦丧，堕落（尤指受诱惑所致）
    ■(the Fall 或 the Fall of Man)the lapse of humankind into a state of sin, ascribed in traditional Jewish and Christian theology to the disobedience of Adam and Eve as described in Genesis
    人类的堕落（传统犹太教和基督教神学将此归咎于亚当和夏娃的叛逆，《创世纪》中有此描述）
  5. (亦作 Fall)(N. Amer.)autumn
    (北美)秋天
常用词组
fall between two stools
  1. 见 stool
fall foul (或 主北美 afoul) of
  1. come into conflict with and be undermined by
    与…冲突；遭…破坏
    any commitment of resources is likely to fall foul of government cash limitations.
    任何财力投入都可能与政府现金管制有矛盾。
fall in (或 into) line
  1. conform with others or with accepted behaviour
    与他人一致；符合行为规范
fall in (或 out of) love (with someone)
  1. 见 love
fall into place
  1. (of a series of events or facts) begin to make sense or cohere
    （一系列事件或事实）开始明晰（或衔接）起来
    once he knew what to look for, the theory fell quickly into place.
    一旦他明白要找的东西，这理论很快就派上用场了。
fall on stony ground
  1. 见 stony
fall over oneself to do something
  1. (informal)be excessively eager to do something
    (非正式)极想做某事
    critics and audiences fell over themselves to compliment him.
    评论家和观众趋之若鹜地恭维他。
fall prey to
  1. 见 prey
fall short (of)
  1. (of a missile) fail to reach its target
    （导弹）未击中目标
    ■(figurative)be deficient or inadequate; fail to reach a required goal
    (喻)缺乏，不足；未达到既定目标
    the total vote fell short of the required two-thirds majority.
    总票数没达到要求的2/3多数。
fall to pieces
  1. 见下面 fall apart
fall victim to
  1. 见 victim
take the fall
  1. (N. Amer. informal)receive blame or punishment, typically in the place of another person
    (北美，非正式)代人受过；当替罪羊
语源
  1. Old English fallan, feallan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch vallen and German fallen; the noun is partly from the verb, partly from Old Norse fall 'downfall, sin'
继承用法
fall about
  1. (Brit. informal)laugh uncontrollably
    (英，非正式)抑制不住地大笑
fall apart (或 to pieces)
  1. break up, come apart, or disintegrate
    结束；分裂；解体；崩溃
    their marriage is likely to fall apart.
    他们的婚姻有可能破裂。
    ■(of a person) lose one's capacity to cope
    （人）丧失应付能力，垮掉
    Angie fell to pieces because she had lost everything.
    安吉全垮了，因为她失去了一切。
fall back
  1. move or turn back; retreat
    后退；倒退
fall back on
  1. have recourse to when in difficulty
    （困难时）求助于；依靠
    they normally fell back on one of three arguments.
    他们通常借助三个论据之一。
fall behind
  1. fail to keep level with one's competitors
    落后（于对手）
    ■fail to meet a commitment to make a regular payment
    拖欠定期还款
    borrowers falling behind with their mortgage repayments.
    拖欠按揭还款的借款人。
fall down
  1. be shown to be inadequate or false; fail
    表现不足（或有误）；失败
    the deal fell down partly because there were a lot of unanswered questions.
    交易失败，部分原因是有太多没有解答的问题。
fall for
informal
非正式
  1. be captivated by; fall in love with
    被…迷住；爱上
  2. be deceived by (something)
    被（某事）欺骗
    he should have known better than to expect Duncan to fall for a cheap trick like that.
    他早该知道不该以为邓肯会被那种低劣的伎俩欺骗。
fall in
  1. take one's place in a military formation
    （在军事队列中）站队；集合
    the soldiers fell in by the side of the road.
    士兵们在路边站队集合。
  2. (of a structure) collapse inwards
    （建筑物）向里坍塌
fall in with
  1. meet by chance and become involved with
    碰巧搭结
    he fell in with thieves.
    他碰到并搭上了几个小偷。
  2. act in accordance with (someone's ideas or suggestions); agree to
    按（某人的意见或建议）行事；同意
    falling in with other people's views.
    同意其他人的意见。
fall on (或 upon)
  1. attack fiercely or unexpectedly
    猛攻；突袭
    the army fell on the besiegers.
    部队对围攻的敌军发动了猛烈攻击。
    ■seize enthusiastically
    急切地抓住
    she fell on the sandwiches as though she had not eaten in weeks.
    她迫不及待地抓起三明治，就像饿了几周一样。
  2. (of someone's eyes or gaze) be directed towards
    （视线，目光）投向
    her gaze fell on the mud-stained coverlet.
    她的目光落在溅满泥浆的床罩上。
  3. (of a burden or duty) be borne or incurred by
    （负担，责任）由…承担（或引起）
    the cost of tuition should not fall on the student.
    学费不应由学生来承担。
fall out
  1. (of the hair, teeth, etc.) become detached and drop out
    （头发、牙齿等）脱落
  2. have an argument
    争吵；失合
    he had fallen out with his family.
    他与家人闹翻了。
  3. leave one's place in a military formation, or on parade
    掉队
    the two policemen at the rear fell out of the formation.
    走在最后的两个警察掉队了。
  4. happen; turn out
    发生；结果
    matters fell out as Stephen arranged.
    事情像史蒂芬安排的那样发生了。
fall through
  1. come to nothing; fail
    一无所成；失败
    the project fell through due to lack of money.
    由于缺少资金，项目失败了。
fall to
  1. (of a task) become the duty or responsibility of
    （任务）由…负责；落到…肩上
    it fell to me to write to Shephard.
    由我负责写信给谢泼德。
    ■(of property) revert to the ownership of
    （财产）归还给
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