grind

grind
(past and past participle ground )

[with obj.]reduce (something) to small particles or powder by crushing it
磨碎，碾碎
grind some black pepper over the salad.
把一些黑胡椒磨碎撒在色拉上。
mother preferred to grind up the rice prior to boiling.
妈妈喜欢把米磨碎后再煮。
■[no obj.](of a mill or machine) work with a crushing action
（磨坊，机器）磨，碾
the old mill was grinding again.
老磨坊又开始磨东西了。
■sharpen, smooth, or produce (something) by crushing or by friction
打磨；磨快；磨光
power from a waterwheel was used to grind cutlery.
水轮产生的动力用来磨刀。
■operate (a mill or machine) by turning the handle
摇动（碾磨机等机器的）手柄操作
she was grinding a coffee mill.
她摇着磨咖啡机的手柄。
rub or cause to rub together gratingly[with obj.]
刺耳地摩擦
[no obj.]tectonic plates that inexorably grind against each other.
以无法阻挡之势相互摩擦的构造板块。
he keeps me awake at night, grinding his teeth.
他晚上磨牙，搅得我无法入睡。
■[no obj., with adverbial]move noisily and laboriously, especially when impeded by friction
（尤指因摩擦产生的阻力而）吱嘎作响地费力移动
the truck was grinding slowly up the hill.
卡车吱吱嘎嘎地慢慢向山上爬行。
[no obj.](informal)(of a dancer) rotate the hips
(非正式)（跳舞者）扭摆臀部
go-go girls grinding to blaring disco.
跳歌歌舞的女郎们合着刺耳的迪斯科音乐扭摆着臀部。
■(Brit. vulgar slang, dated)have sexual intercourse
(英，粗俚，旧)性交

noun
[in sing.]

a crushing or grating sound or motion
摩擦（声）；碾磨（声）
the crunch and grind of bulldozers.
推土机嘎吱嘎吱碾过的声音。
the slow grind of the US legal system.
美国法制系统缓慢的运作。
■hard dull work
苦差事；单调的事
relief from the daily grind.
从每日的辛苦劳作中解脱出来。
■the size of ground particles
被磨碎的颗粒的大小，磨细程度
only the right grind gives you all the fine flavour.
只有磨碎的颗粒粗细恰到好处，才能让你充分品尝到美妙的滋味。
(informal)a dancer's rotary movement of the hips
(非正式)（舞蹈中的）扭臀动作
a bump and grind.
臀部的碰撞和扭动。
■(Brit. vulgar slang, dated)an act of sexual intercourse
(英，粗俚，旧)性交
■(US informal)an excessively hard-working student
(美，非正式)过度勤奋的学生
■(Irish)a private tuition class
(爱尔兰)小型教学班
experienced teacher offers grinds in Maths and Irish, to all levels.
有经验的教师面向各种层次学生开设数学和爱尔兰语小型教学班。

常用词组
grind to a halt (或 come to a grinding halt)

move more and more slowly and then stop
慢慢地停下来

语源

Old English grindan, probably of Germanic origin. Although no cognates are known, it may be distantly related to Latin frendere 'rub away, gnash'

继承用法
grind away

work or study hard
认真刻苦地干（或学）

grind someone down

wear someone down with continuous harsh or oppressive treatment
把（某人）折磨垮
mundane everyday things which just grind people down.
真正把人慢慢拖垮的日常琐事。

grind on

continue for a long time in a wearying or tedious way
缓慢而单调地继续
the rail talks grind on.
火车旅途中的谈话慢吞吞地继续着。

grind something out

produce something dull or tedious slowly and laboriously
缓慢而费力地完成（枯燥的工作）
I must grind out some more fiction.
我还得艰难地慢慢写出更多小说来。

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