hold

hold1
(past and past participle held )
  1. [with obj.]grasp, carry, or support with one's arms or hands
    抓住，拿着，托住，夹住
    she was holding a brown leather suitcase.
    她拎着一只棕色的皮箱。
    [no obj.]he held on to the back of a chair.
    他抓住椅背。
    ■[with obj. and adverbial]keep or sustain in a specified position
    使保持（特定的状态）
    I held the door open for him.
    我为他开着门。
    the people are held down by a repressive military regime.
    人们受到残酷的军事政权的压制。
    ■embrace (someone)
    拥抱
    Mark pulled her into his arms and held her close.
    马克把她拉入怀中，紧紧地拥抱着她。
    ■(hold something up)support and prevent from falling
    支撑
    concrete pillars hold up the elevated section of the railway.
    混凝土柱子支撑着高架铁路部分。
    ■be able to bear (the weight of a person or thing)
    能承受（重量)，能支撑
    I reached up to the nearest branch which seemed likely to hold my weight.
    我伸手去够离我最近的看上去能支撑我体重的树枝。
    ■(of a vehicle) maintain close contact with (the road), especially when driven at speed
    （尤指车辆高速行驶中）紧贴（路面）
    the car holds the corners very well.
    车在转弯时紧贴着路面。
    ■(of a ship or an aircraft) continue to follow (a particular course)
    （船，飞机）沿（一特定航线）继续前行
    the ship is holding a south-easterly course.
    这艘船正沿东南方向的航线航行。
    ■[no obj., with adverbial of direction](archaic)keep going in a particular direction
    (古)（沿某一特定方向）继续前行
    he held on his way, close behind his friend.
    他继续向前走，紧跟在他朋友后面。
  2. [with obj.]keep or detain (someone)
    拘留
    the police were holding him on a murder charge.
    警察因谋杀罪而将他拘留。
    [with obj. and complement]she was held prisoner for two days.
    她被拘留了两天。
    ■keep possession of (something), typically in the face of a challenge or attack
    （尤指面对挑战或攻击时）占有，控制
    the rebels held the town for many weeks.
    叛军占领该镇许多个星期。
    [no obj.]White managed to hold on to his lead.
    怀特设法成功地保住了他的领先地位。
    ■keep (someone's interest or attention)
    保持（某人的兴趣，注意力）
    ■(of a singer or musician) sustain (a note)
    （歌唱家，音乐家）持续（一种音符）
    ■stay or cause to stay at a certain value or level
    （使）保持（价值、水平）
    [no obj.]MCI shares held at 77p.
    微波通信公司的股票保持在77美分。
    [with obj.]he is determined to hold down inflation.
    他决定抑制通货膨胀。
    ■(in sport) manage to achieve a draw against (opponents thought likely to win)
    （运动）（认为对手可能赢的情况下）设法战成平局
    AC Milan were held to a 1–1 draw by Udinese.
    AC米兰队被乌迪那队战成1比1平。
  3. [no obj.]remain secure, intact, or in position without breaking or giving way
    稳定
    the boat's anchor would not hold.
    船锚不稳。
    ■(of a favourable condition or situation) continue without changing
    （有利的条件，情形）持续不变
    let's hope her luck holds.
    让我们祝愿她一直有好运。
    ■be or remain valid or available
    （持续）有效，（继续）存在
    I'll have that coffee now, if the offer still holds.
    如果还提供的话，我现在就喝那咖啡。
    ■(of an argument or theory) be logical, consistent, or convincing
    （论点，理论）合乎逻辑，前后一致，令人信服
    their views still seem to hold up extremely well.
    他们的观点看来仍然十分令人信服。
    ■(hold to)refuse to abandon or change (a principle or opinion)
    坚持（原则，见解）
    ■[with obj.](hold someone to)cause someone to adhere to (a commitment)
    使人遵守（承诺）
  4. [with obj.]contain or be capable of containing (a specified amount)
    容纳，能装（规定的量）
    the tank held twenty-four gallons.
    该罐能装24加仑。
    ■be able to drink (a reasonable amount of alcohol) without becoming drunk or suffering any ill effects
    能喝（适量的烈酒)，有酒量
    I can hold my drink as well as anyone.
    我的酒量不比任何人差。
    ■have or be characterized by
    有，有…的特征
    I don't know what the future holds.
    我不知道未来是什么样子。
  5. [with obj.]have in one's possession
    拥有
    the managing director still holds fifty shares in the company.
    总裁仍拥有公司50%的股份。
    ■[no obj.](N. Amer. informal)be in possession of illegal drugs
    (北美，非正式)携有违禁毒品
    he was holding, and the police hauled him off to jail.
    他携有违禁毒品，警察把他押进了监狱。
    ■have or occupy (a job or position)
    拥有（或占有）（工作，职位）
    ■[with obj.]have or adhere to (a belief or opinion)
    持有（或坚持）（信仰，见解）
    I feel nothing but pity for someone who holds such chauvinistic views.
    我只是为持有这种沙文主义观点的人感到可怜。
    [with clause]they hold that all literature is empty of meaning.
    他们认为所有的文学作品都没有意义。
    ■[with obj. and complement]consider (someone) to be responsible or liable for a particular situation
    认为（某人对某一特定情形）有责任
    you can't hold yourself responsible for what happened.
    你不可能认为自己应对发生的事负责。
    ■(hold someone/thing in)regard someone or something with (a specified feeling)
    以（某种感情）认为（人，物）
    the speed limit is held in contempt by many drivers.
    许多驾驶员对车辆限速不屑一顾。
    ■[with clause](of a judge or court) rule; decide
    （法官，法庭）裁决，判决
    the Court of Appeal held that there was no evidence to support the judge's assessment.
    上诉法院裁决没有证据支持法官的评估。
  6. [with obj.]keep or reserve for someone
    为（人）保留
    a booking can be held for twenty-four hours.
    预约可以保留24小时。
    ■prevent from going ahead or occurring
    控制；防止
    hold your fire!.
    暂时不要表态！。
    ■maintain (a telephone connection) until the person one has telephoned is free to speak
    不挂断电话
    please hold the line, and I'll see if he's available.
    请等一下，我看看他在不在。
    [no obj.]will you hold?.
    你等一下好吗？。
    ■(N. Amer. informal)refrain from adding or using (something, typically an item of food or drink)
    (北美，非正式)克制不加（或不用）（尤指食物，饮料）
    a strawberry margarita, but hold the tequila.
    一杯草莓味的玛格丽塔鸡尾酒，但不要加龙舌兰酒。
    ■(hold it)(informal)used as a way of exhorting someone to wait or to stop doing something
    (非正式)等等，停（用作劝诫）
    hold it right there, mate!.
    停在那儿，老兄！。
    ■[no obj.](archaic)restrain oneself
    (古)抑制，控制（自己）
  7. [with obj.]arrange and take part in (a meeting or conversation)
    举行（会议，会谈）
    a meeting was held at the church.
    会议在教堂举行。
noun
  1. an act or manner of grasping something; a grip
    握，抓
    he caught hold of her arm.
    他抓住她的胳膊。
    he lost his hold and fell.
    他没有抓住，摔倒了。
    ■a particular way of grasping or restraining someone, especially an opponent in wrestling or judo
    （尤指摔跤、柔道中的）擒拿法
    ■a place where one can grip with one's hands or feet while climbing
    （供手攀、脚踏的）支撑点，支撑物
    he felt carefully with his feet for a hold and swung himself up.
    他小心翼翼地用脚摸索着支撑点，然后纵身一跃。
    ■a way of influencing someone
    影响力
    he discovered that Tom had some kind of hold over his father.
    他发现汤姆对他父亲有某种影响力。
    ■a degree of power or control
    权力，控制（力）
    military forces tightened their hold on the capital.
    军队加强了他们对首都的控制。
  2. (archaic)a fortress
    (古)要塞，堡垒
常用词组
be left holding the baby (或 美 bag)
  1. (informal)be left with an unwelcome responsibility, typically without warning
    (非正式)（尤指没有警告）被加一项责任
don't hold your breath
  1. 见 breath
get hold of
  1. grasp (someone or something) physically
    抓住（人，物）
    ■grasp (something) intellectually; understand
    理解
    ■(informal)obtain
    (非正式)获得，得到
    if you can't get hold of ripe tomatoes, add some tomato purée.
    如果弄不到熟番茄，就加点番茄酱。
    ■(informal)find or manage to contact (someone)
    (非正式)找到（人)，设法联系上
    I'll try and get hold of Mark.
    我会设法找到马克。
hold someone/thing at bay
  1. 见 bay
hold one's breath
  1. 见 breath
hold someone/thing cheap
  1. (archaic)have a low opinion of someone or something
    (古)轻视，瞧不起
hold court
  1. be the centre of attention amidst a crowd of one's admirers
    （在一群崇拜者中）成为注意焦点
hold someone/thing dear
  1. care for or value someone or something greatly
    重视，珍视（人，物）
    fidelity is something most of us hold dear.
    忠诚是我们大多数人都珍视的东西。
hold fast
  1. remain tightly secured
    紧闭
    the door held fast, obviously locked.
    门关得紧紧的，显然锁上了。
    ■continue to believe in or adhere to an idea or principle
    坚持相信，坚持（观点、原则）
    it is important that we hold fast to the policies.
    坚持方针政策是很重要的。
hold the field
  1. 见 field
hold the fort
  1. take responsibility for a situation while another person is temporarily absent
    （另一人暂时不在时）临时负责
hold good (或 true)
  1. remain true or valid
    保持正确，有效
    his views still hold true today.
    他的观点今天仍然正确。
hold one's ground
  1. 见 ground
hold someone's hand
  1. give a person comfort, guidance, or moral support in a difficult situation
    牵某人的手（困难时给人安慰、指引、精神上的支持）
hold hands
  1. (of two or more people) clasp each other by the hand, typically as a sign of affection
    手牵手（多表示友爱）
hold hard
  1. (Brit.)used as a way of exhorting someone to stop or wait
    (英)等一下，停住
    here, hold hard a minute.
    这儿，等一会儿。
hold someone/thing harmless
  1. (Law)indemnify
    (律)赔偿
hold one's horses
  1. [usu. as imperative](informal)wait a moment
    (非正式)等一下
hold the line
  1. not yield to the pressure of a difficult situation
    坚持下去，不屈服压力
    France's central bank would hold the line.
    法国中央银行不会退让。
hold one's nose
  1. squeeze one's nostrils with one's fingers in order to avoid inhaling an unpleasant smell
    捏紧鼻子（以免闻难闻的气味）
hold one's own
  1. 见 own
hold one's peace
  1. 见 peace
hold (one's) serve (或 service)
  1. (in tennis and other racket sports) win a game in which one is serving
    （网球、羽毛球等）赢了发球局
hold the stage
  1. 见 stage
hold sway
  1. 见 sway
hold thumbs
  1. (S. African)fold one's fingers over one's thumb to bring good luck
    (南非)握紧大拇指（以带来好运）
hold someone to bail
  1. (Law)bind by bail
    (律)拘留某人直至交保
hold one's tongue
  1. [often in imperative](informal)remain silent
    (非正式)保持沉默
hold someone/thing to ransom
  1. 见 ransom
hold up one's head (或 hold one's head high)
  1. 见 head
hold water
  1. [often with negative](of a statement, theory, or line of reasoning) appear to be valid, sound, or reasonable
    （声明，理论，推理方法）似乎有效的，有根据的，站得住脚的
    this argument just does not hold water.
    这种论点完全站不住脚。
no holds barred
  1. (in wrestling) with no restrictions on the kinds of holds that are used
    （摔跤）不受任何擒拿法限制
    ■(figurative)used to convey that no rules or restrictions apply in a conflict or dispute
    (喻)（在冲突、争吵中）无清规戒律，不受任何限制约束
    no-holds-barred military action.
    没有任何约束的军事行动。
on hold
  1. waiting to be connected while making a telephone call
    （打电话时）等候（接通）
    ■temporarily not being dealt with or pursued
    暂时停止
    he has had to put his career on hold.
    他不得不暂停他的事业。
take hold
  1. start to have an effect
    开始起作用
    the reforms of the late nineteenth century had taken hold.
    19世纪后期的改革已开始起作用了。
there is no holding someone
  1. used to convey that someone is particularly determined or cannot be prevented from doing something
    （用于表达某人已下定决心做某事）没有人能阻止（人）
    there's no holding you these days.
    现如今没人能拦住你。
派生
holdable
adjective
语源
  1. Old English haldan, healdan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch houden and German halten; the noun is partly from Old Norse hald 'hold, support, custody'
继承用法
hold something against
  1. allow past actions or circumstances to have a negative influence on one's present attitude towards (someone)
    因（过去的行为或情况的影响）而对（人）产生消极的看法
    he knew that if he failed her, she would hold it against him forever.
    他知道如果他辜负她的话，她会因此永远记恨他。
hold back
  1. hesitate to act or speak
    踌躇，犹豫
    he held back, remembering the mistake he had made before.
    他犹豫了，记起了自己以前犯的错。
hold someone/thing back
  1. prevent or restrict the advance, progress, or development of someone or something
    阻碍，阻止，抑制
    Jane struggled to hold back the tears.
    简竭力忍住眼泪。
    ■(hold something back)refuse or be unwilling to make something known
    隐瞒
    you're not holding anything back from me, are you?.
    你没有向我隐瞒什么，是吗？。
hold something down
  1. (informal)succeed in keeping a job or position for a period of time
    (非正式)保住（工作，职位）
hold forth
  1. talk lengthily, assertively, or tediously about a subject
    滔滔不绝地说
    he was holding forth on the merits of the band's debut LP.
    他滔滔不绝地谈论该乐队第一张密纹唱片的优点。
hold off
  1. (of bad weather) fail to occur
    （坏天气）不出现
    ■delay or postpone an action or decision
    拖延，推迟（行动，决定）
hold someone/thing off
  1. resist an attacker or challenge
    抵抗（攻击者，挑战）
    he held off a late challenge by Vose to win by thirteen seconds.
    他抵住了沃斯不久前的一次挑战，赢了他13秒。
hold on
  1. [often in imperative]wait; stop
    等等；停
    hold on a minute, I'll be right back!.
    等一会儿，我马上回来。
  2. endure or keep going in difficult circumstances
    （在困难情况下）继续，坚持
    if only they could hold on a little longer.
    他们要是能再坚持一会儿就好了。
hold on to
  1. keep
    留住；保存
    the industry is trying to hold on to experienced staff.
    该行业正设法留住有经验的工作人员。
hold out
  1. resist or survive in dangerous or difficult circumstances
    抵抗，抵挡；继续生存
    British troops held out against constant attacks.
    英国军队抵挡住了不断的攻击。
    ■continue to be sufficient
    持续充足
    we can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.
    只要补给一直充足的话，我们就能待在这儿。
hold out for
  1. continue to demand (a particular thing), refusing to accept what has been offered
    坚持要求（拒绝接受所给予的）
    he is holding out for a guaranteed 7 per cent raise.
    他一直在要求保证过的7%的加薪。
hold out on
  1. (informal)refuse to give something, typically information, to (someone)
    (非正式)拒绝给（尤指信息）
hold something out
  1. offer a chance or hope
    给予机会（或希望）
    a new drug may hold out hope for patients with lung cancer.
    新药也许会给肺癌患者以希望。
hold something over
  1. postpone something
    推迟，拖延
  2. use a fact or piece of information to threaten or intimidate (someone)
    （用事实或一则信息）要挟（人）
hold together (或 hold something together)
  1. remain or cause to remain united
    （使）保持团结
    if your party holds together, you will probably win.
    如果你们党保持团结，你们很可能会赢。
hold up
  1. remain strong or vigorous
    保持强劲
    the Labour vote held up well.
    工党的得票数保持领先。
hold someone/thing up
  1. delay or block the movement or progress of someone or something
    耽搁，拖延；妨碍，阻碍
    our return flight was held up for seven hours.
    我们的回程航班被延误了7个小时。
  2. rob someone or something using the threat of force or violence
    以暴力（或暴力威胁）抢劫
    a masked raider held up the post office.
    一个蒙面强盗抢了邮局。
  3. present or expose someone or something as an example or for particular treatment
    使（人，物）成为例子（或受到特殊对待）
    they were held up to public ridicule.
    他们受到公众嘲笑。
  4. (Bridge)refrain from playing a winning card for tactical reasons
    (桥牌)（因战术原因）扣住，忍让
hold with
  1. [with negative](informal)approve of
    (非正式)赞成
    I don't hold with fighting or violence.
    我不赞成打仗或暴力。
hold2
noun
  1. a large compartment or space in the lower part of a ship or aircraft in which cargo is stowed
    （船，飞机）货舱
语源
  1. late 16th cent.: from obsolete holl, from Old English hol (see hole). The addition of -d was due to association with hold
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