pass

pass1
verb
  1. [no obj., with adverbial of direction]move in a specified direction
    经过，穿过
    he passed through towns and villages.
    他穿过市镇和村庄。
    the shells from the Allied guns were passing very low overhead.
    盟军的炮弹就在头顶上空飞过。
    ■[with obj. and adverbial of direction]cause (something) to move or lie in a specified direction or position
    经过，穿过，通过
    he passed a weary hand across his forehead.
    他那疲惫的手掠过前额。
    pass an electric current through it.
    让它通电。
    ■change from one state or condition to another
    转变，改变
    homes which have passed from public to private ownership.
    已经由公有转为私有的家庭住宅。
    ■[no obj.]die (used euphemistically)
    (婉)逝世，死亡，亡故
    she passed away peacefully in her sleep.
    她是在睡眠中安详逝世的。
  2. [with obj.]go past or across; leave behind or on one side in proceeding
    经过，通过；超过，越过
    on the way to the tube station she passed a cinema.
    去地铁站的路上她经过一家电影院。
    the two vehicles had no room to pass each other.
    这两辆车因路太窄而无法交会通过。
    [no obj.]we will not let you pass.
    我们是不会让你过去的。
    ■go beyond the limits of; surpass; exceed
    超越，越过；赶超
    the Portuguese trade passed its peak in the 1760s.
    葡萄牙的贸易量在18世纪60年代超过了历史最高水平。
    this item has passed its sell-by date.
    这些商品已经超过适用期限。
    ■(Tennis)hit a winning shot past (an opponent)
    (网球)给（对方）超身球
  3. [no obj.](of time or a point in time) elapse; go by
    （时间，时间点）度过，消逝，流逝
    the day and night passed slowly.
    时光过得很慢。
    the moment had passed.
    这样的时刻已经过去了。
    ■happen; be done or said
    发生；做完，说过
    not another word passed between them.
    他们之间再没有说过一句话。
    [with complement]this fact has passed almost unnoticed.
    事情发生后几乎没有人注意到。
    ■[with obj.]spend or use up (a period of time)
    度过，用完（一段时间）
    this was how they passed the time.
    这就是他们消磨时光的方式。
    ■come to an end
    结束，完结，终止
    the danger had passed.
    危险已经过去了。
  4. [with obj. and usu. with adverbial of direction]transfer (something) to someone, especially by handing or bequeathing it to the next person in a series
    传递，传送；转移
    your letter has been passed to Mr Rich for action.
    你的信已经交给里奇先生以便实施。
    pass the milk.
    把牛奶递过来。
    [with two objs]he passed her a cup.
    他递给她一只杯子。
    ■[no obj., with adverbial]be transferred from one person or place to another, especially by inheritance
    （尤指通过继承方式）转让，转移；传递
    the poem was passed from generation to generation.
    这首诗一代代地流传了下来。
    ■(in soccer, rugby, and other games) kick, hit, or throw (the ball) to another player of one's own side
    （足球、英橄以及其他比赛中）传（球）
    ■put (something, especially money) into circulation
    使（货币等）流通
    persons who have passed bad cheques.
    使用空头支票的人。
    ■[no obj.](especially of money) circulate; be current
    （尤指货币）流通，流传；通用
    racegoers had formed card schools, and cash was passing briskly.
    经常看赛马的人已形成了众多的信用卡派，但现金的流通仍然很活跃。
  5. [with obj.](of a candidate) be successful in (an examination, test, or course)
    通过（考试、测验、课程）
    she passed her driving test.
    她通过了驾照考试。
    ■judge the performance or standard of (someone or something) to be satisfactory
    通过（检查等)，宣布（表现，标准）合格
    [with obj. and complement]he was passed fit by army doctors.
    经过检查，军医认为他的身体合格。
    ■[no obj.](pass as/for)be accepted as or taken for
    被认为，被当作
    he could pass for a native of Sweden.
    他可能会被认定是一个土生土长的瑞典人。
  6. [with obj.](of a legislative or other official body) approve or put into effect (a proposal or law) by voting on it
    批准（议案、法律等）
    the bill was passed despite fierce opposition.
    尽管遭到强烈反对，这个议案还是获得通过。
    ■(of a proposal or law) be examined and approved by (a parliamentary body or process)
    被…批准（或通过）
    bills that passed committees last year.
    委员会去年通过的议案。
    ■[no obj.](of a proposal) be approved
    被批准，被通过
    the Bill passed by 164 votes to 107.
    该提案以164票对107票获得批准。
  7. [with obj.]pronounce (a judgement or judicial sentence)
    宣布（裁定，判决）
    passing judgement on these crucial issues.
    对这些至关重要的问题作出判定。
    it is now my duty to pass sentence upon you.
    现在该由我来宣布对你作出的判决。
    ■utter (something, especially criticism)
    提出（批评等）
    she would pass remarks about the Peebles in their own house.
    她对老呆在自己家里的皮布尔斯人总要批评几句。
    ■[no obj.](pass on/upon)(archaic)adjudicate or give a judgement on
    (古)宣判，判决；评判
    a jury could not be trusted to pass upon the question of Endacott's good faith.
    不可依赖陪审团来对恩达科特的诚意问题作评判。
  8. [with obj.]discharge (something, especially urine or faeces) from the body
    排泄
    frequency of passing urine.
    排尿次数，排尿频度。
  9. [no obj.]forgo one's turn in a game or an offered opportunity to do or have something
    放弃，弃权
    we pass on pudding and have coffee.
    我们没要布丁，要了咖啡。
    ■[as exclamation]said when one does not know the answer to a question, for example in a quiz
    （因回答不出问题而说）过
    to the enigmatic question we answered ‘Pass’.
    对于这个令人费解的问题，我们回答道：“过。”。
    ■[with obj.](of a company) not declare or pay (a dividend)
    （公司）不支付（红利）
    ■(Bridge)make no bid when it is one's turn during an auction
    (桥牌)不叫
    ■[with obj.](Bridge)make no bid in response to (one's partner's bid)
    (桥牌)不叫
    East had passed his partner's opening bid of one club.
    伊斯特没有叫其搭档一开始就叫的梅花牌。
noun
  1. an act or instance of moving past or through something
    经过，通过
    repeated passes with the swipe card.
    反反复复地刷卡。
    an unmarked plane had been making passes over his house.
    一架无标志的飞机在他房子上空飞来飞去。
    ■(informal)an amorous or sexual advance made to someone
    (非正式)调情，勾引
    she made a pass at Stephen.
    她向斯蒂芬搔首弄姿。
    ■an act of passing the hands over anything, as in conjuring or hypnotism
    （变魔术或施催眠术时）手的动作，手法；（掠过物体的）手的移动
    ■a thrust in fencing
    （击剑中的）戳刺
    ■a juggling trick
    变戏法，作手法
    ■(Bridge)an act of refraining from bidding during the auction
    (桥牌)不叫
    ■(Computing)a single scan through a set of data or a program
    (计算机)（对一组数据或一个程序的）一次浏览，一次扫描
  2. a success in an examination
    及格，合格，及格分数
    an A-level pass in Music.
    音乐课的A等合格。
    [as modifier]a 100 per cent pass rate.
    100%的及格率。
    ■(Brit.)an achievement of a university degree without honours
    (英)及格证书
    [as modifier]a pass degree.
    合格学位。
  3. a card, ticket, or permit giving authorization for the holder to enter or have access to a place, form of transport, or event
    通行证，出入证；入场券；乘车券
    ■(historical)(in South Africa) a temporary permit allowing movement from one district to another
    (史)（南非）临时通行证
    ■(historical)(in South Africa) an identity book which black people had to carry between 1952 and 1986, used to limit the movement of black people to urban areas
    (史)（南非黑人于1952—1986年间随身携带的限制他们前往市区的）身份簿
    [as modifier]the pass laws.
    身份证法。
  4. (in soccer, rugby, and other games) an act of kicking, hitting, or throwing the ball to another player on the same side
    （足球、英橄以及其他运动中给己方球员的）传球
  5. a state or situation of a specified, usually bad or difficult, nature
    （一般指不利的）情况，状况，境遇
    this is a sad pass for a fixture which used to crackle with excitement.
    以往总是让人充满激情的定期演出，现在情况不太妙。
常用词组
come to a pretty pass
  1. reach a bad or regrettable state of affairs
    陷入困境，变得很尴尬
pass the baton
  1. 见 baton
pass the buck
  1. 见 buck
pass one's eye over
  1. read (a document) cursorily
    草草地看，马虎地读（文件）
pass the hat (round)
  1. 见 hat
pass one's lips
  1. 见 lip
pass muster
  1. 见 muster
pass the parcel
  1. 见 parcel
pass the time of day
  1. 见 time
pass water
  1. urinate
    撒尿
派生
passer
noun
  1. he's a good passer of the ball.
    他是一个很好的传球手。
语源
  1. Middle English: from Old French passer, based on Latin passus 'pace'
继承用法
pass someone by
  1. happen without being noticed or fully experienced by someone
    不注意，忽视
    sometimes I feel that life is passing me by.
    有时我感到生活对我从不眷顾。
pass off
  1. (of proceedings) happen or be carried through in a specified, usually satisfactory way
    发生，（顺利）完成
    the weekend had passed off entirely without incident.
    这个周末已经顺顺利利地过去了。
pass something off
  1. evade or lightly dismiss an awkward remark
    回避；把注意力从…移开
    he made a light joke and passed it off.
    他开了一个小玩笑把这件事给遮掩过去了。
  2. (Basketball)throw the ball to a teammate who is unmarked
    (篮球)传球（给未被对方盯住的己方球员）
    he scored eight times and passed off forty-one assists.
    他8次得分并且41次传球助攻。
pass someone/thing off as
  1. falsely represent a person or thing as (something else)
    假冒，冒充
    the drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being passed off as the real stuff.
    这酒被装进香槟酒瓶，冒充香槟酒真品。
pass out
  1. become unconscious
    失去知觉，晕倒
    he consumed enough alcohol to make him pass out.
    他喝了过多酒竟至昏迷不醒。
  2. (Brit.)complete one's initial training in the armed forces
    (英)（指新兵）军训完毕，军训结束
pass someone over
  1. ignore the claims of someone to promotion or advancement
    （对某人要求提升、任命的请求）不作考虑
    he was passed over for a cabinet job.
    他没有被任命为内阁成员。
pass something over
  1. avoid mentioning or considering something
    忽略，忽视
    I shall pass over the matter of the transitional period.
    对过渡期的事，我不会放在心上的。
pass something up
  1. refrain from taking up an opportunity
    放过，拒绝
    he passed up a career in pro baseball.
    他放弃了职业棒球队员的生涯。
pass2
noun
  1. a route over or through mountains
    （山坳）通道，山口
    the pass over the mountain was open again after the snows.
    过山的通道在下雪后又重新开放了。
    [in place names]the Khyber Pass.
    开伯尔山口。
    ■a passage for fish over or past a weir or dam
    （鱼越过堰坝的）通路
常用词组
head (或 cut) someone/thing off at the pass
  1. forestall someone or something
    预防，预先阻止（或妨碍）
    he came up with this story at the last minute, just to cut me off at the pass.
    在最后时刻他提出这种说法，只不过是想对我来个先发制人。
sell the pass
  1. (Brit.)betray a cause
    (英)背叛事业，出卖立场
    he is merciless to other poets whom he considers to have sold the pass.
    对那些他认为出卖了立场的诗人，他都很无情。
语源
  1. Middle English (in the sense 'division of a text, passage through'): variant of pace, influenced by pass and French pas
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