race

race¹
noun

a competition between runners, horses, vehicles, boats, etc. to see which is the fastest in covering a set course
（人、马、车、船等）赛速度，竞赛
Hill started from pole position and won the race.
希尔从最内侧第一排位置起跑，赢得了比赛。
■(the races)a series of such competitions for horses or dogs, held at a fixed time on a set course
大赛（定期定点举行的系列赛马或赛狗会）
■[in sing.]a situation in which individuals or groups compete to be first to achieve a particular objective
竞赛，竞争
the race for nuclear power.
核竞赛。
■(archaic)the course of the sun or moon through the heavens
(古)（日，月）行程，历程
a strong or rapid current flowing through a narrow channel in the sea or a river
急流
angling for tuna in turbulent tidal races.
在波涛汹涌的急浪中钓金枪鱼。
a groove, channel, or passage, in particular
沟槽，管道，通道，尤指
■a water channel, especially one built to lead water to or from a point where its energy is utilized, as in a mill or mine
（磨坊或矿井等利用水力的）引水管道。参见 mill race
■a smooth ring-shaped groove or guide in which a ball bearing or roller bearing runs
（滚珠轴承或滚柱轴承的）座圈，滚道；轮槽
■a fenced passageway in a stockyard through which animals pass singly for branding, loading, washing, etc
（饲养场让牲畜逐头通过以烙印、装载或冲洗的）栅栏过道
■(in weaving) the channel along which the shuttle moves
（编织用语）走梭板

verb

[no obj.]compete with another or others to see who is fastest at covering a set course or achieving an objective
参加竞速赛
the vet took blood samples from the horses before they raced.
兽医采了血样之后马匹才进行比赛。
[with obj.]two drivers raced each other through a housing estate.
两个驾车者比着速度穿过了一住宅区。
■compete regularly in races as a sport or leisure activity
固定参加运动（或休闲）比赛活动
next year, he raced again for the team.
次年，他又代表该队参加了比赛。
■[with obj.]prepare and enter (an animal or vehicle) for races as a sport or leisure activity
使（动物，车辆）准备参加比赛活动
he raced his three horses simply for the fun of it.
他让他的三匹马参加比赛纯粹是为了娱乐。
[no obj., with adverbial]move or progress swiftly or at full speed
疾走，迅跑；全速行进
I raced into the house.
我急忙奔进屋内。
she spoke automatically, while her mind raced ahead.
她侃侃而谈，脑子却飞快作进一步思考。
■[no obj.](of an engine or other machinery) operate at excessive speed
（发动机或其他机器）猛转
the truck came to rest against a tree with its engine racing.
卡车撞到树停了下来，但发动机仍在飞转。
■[no obj.](of a person's heart or pulse) beat faster than usual because of fear or excitement
（人的心脏或脉搏因害怕或激动）加快跳动
■[with obj.]cause to move, progress, or operate swiftly or at excessive speed
使飞速移动，前进，运转
she'd driven like a madwoman, racing the engine and swerving around corners.
她像疯女人似的驾车狂奔，发动机飞转，遇拐角急转弯。

常用词组
be in the race

[usu. with negative](Austral./NZ informal)have a chance of success
(澳/新西兰，非正式)有希望赢；有成功机会
with you dressed up, none of us others will be in the race.
你这样一打扮，我们谁都没有赢的希望。

a race against time

a situation in which something must be done before a particular point in time
和时间赛跑，抢时间
it was a race against time to reach shore before the dinghy sank.
小舢板必须抢在下沉之前到达岸边。

语源

late Old English, from Old Norse rás 'current'. It was originally a northern English word with the sense 'rapid forward movement', which gave rise to the senses 'contest of speed' (early 16th cent.) and 'channel, path' (i.e. the space traversed). The verb dates from the late 15th cent

race²
noun

each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics
人种，种族；民族
people of all races, colours, and creeds.
所有种族、肤色和信仰的人。
■a group of people sharing the same culture, history, language, etc.; an ethnic group
（具有相同文化、历史和语言等特征的）种族，群体；族群
we Scots were a bloodthirsty race then.
我们苏格兰人那时是一个嗜血的民族。
■[mass noun]the fact or condition of belonging to such a division or group: the qualities or characteristics associated with this
种族归属；种族气质，特征
people of mixed race.
混种人。
■a group or set of people or things with a common feature or features
（具有共同特征的）一群（或一批）人（或物）
some male firefighters still regarded women as a race apart.
一些男消防队员仍然视女性为另类。
■(Biology)a population within a species that is distinct in some way, especially a subspecies
(生)宗；族；品种（尤指亚种）
people have killed so many tigers that two races are probably extinct.
人们大量捕杀老虎，有两个亚种可能已经灭绝。
■(in non-technical use) each of the major divisions of living creatures
(非技)族，类
a member of the human race.
人类的一员。
the race of birds.
鸟类。
■(poetic/literary)a group of people descended from a common ancestor
(诗/文)（具有共同血统的）一群人
a prince of the race of Solomon.
所罗门血统的王子。
■[mass noun](archaic)ancestry
(古)祖先；世系，血统，门第
two coursers of ethereal race.
神马一族两骏骑。
Although ideas of race are centuries old, it was not until the 19th century, with the growth of interest in ethnology and physical anthropology, that attempts to systematize racial divisions were made. Ideas of supposed racial superiority and social Darwinism reached their culmination in Nazi ideology of the 1930s and gave pseudoscientific justification to policies and attitudes of discrimination, exploitation, slavery, and extermination. Theories of race asserting a link between racial type and intelligence are now discredited. Scientifically it is accepted as obvious that there are subdivisions of the human species, but it is also clear that genetic variation between individuals of the same race can be as great as that between members of different races

语源

early 16th cent. (denoting a group with common features): via French from Italian razza, of unknown ultimate origin

用法

In recent years, the associations of race with the ideologies and theories that grew out of the work of 19th-century anthropologists and physiologists has led to the use of the word race itself becoming problematic. Although still used in general contexts, it is now often replaced by other words which are less emotionally charged, such as people(s) or community

race³
noun

(dated)a ginger root
(旧)姜根

语源

late Middle English: from Old French rais, from Latin radix, radic- 'root'

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