scrape
scrape
verb
scrape acquaintance with
verb
- [with obj.]drag or pull a hard or sharp implement across (a surface or object) so as to remove dirt or other matter
刮，擦
remove the green tops from the carrots and scrape them.
去掉胡萝卜上的绿头并且刮干净。
[with obj. and complement]we scraped the dishes clean.
我们把碟子擦干净了。
■[with obj. and adverbial]use a sharp or hard implement to remove (dirt or unwanted matter) from something
刮去，刮除
she scraped the mud off her shoes.
她刮去鞋上的泥。
■[with obj. and adverbial]apply (a hard or sharp implement) in this way
用工具刮
he scraped the long-bladed razor across the stubble on his cheek.
他用长刃剃刀刮脸上的胡楂。
■make (a hollow) by scraping away soil or rock
刮去泥土或石块（掏出空洞）
he found a ditch, scraped a hole, and put the bag in it.
他发现一个水渠，挖了一个洞，把袋子放在里面。 - rub or cause to rub by accident against a rough or hard surface, causing damage or injury
刮擦
[no obj.]he smashed into the wall and felt his teeth scrape against the plaster.
他撞在墙上，感到牙齿与灰泥擦碰了。
[with obj.]she reversed in a reckless sweep, scraping the Range Rover.
她不要命地飞快转向，碰擦了他的陆虎越野车。
■[with obj.]draw or move (something) along or over something else, making a harsh noise
拖拽（发出刺耳的声音）
shescraped backher chair and stood up.
她把椅子咔嚓一声推向后面站立起来。
■[no obj.]move with or make such a sound
发出拖拽声
she lifted the gate to prevent it scraping along the ground.
她把门抬起以免发出与地面摩擦的声音。
■[no obj.](humorous)play a violin tunelessly
(幽默)不入调地演奏小提琴
Olivia was scraping away at her violin.
奥利维亚正在用她的小提琴不断地拉出刺耳的声音。
■[with obj.](scrape something back)draw one's hair tightly back off the forehead
把头发从前额向后梳拢紧束
her hair was scraped back into a bun.
她的头发在脑后束成圆髻。
■[with obj. and adverbial](Brit.)spread (butter or margarine) thinly over bread
(英)在面包上涂一层薄薄的（黄油，麦琪淋） - [with obj.]just manage to achieve; accomplish with great effort or difficulty
勉强维持；艰难地完成
for some years he scraped a living as a tutor.
几年来他当老师维持生计。
■(scrape something together/up)collect or accumulate something with difficulty
（艰难地）凑集，积累，积攒
they could hardly scrape up enough money for one ticket, let alone two.
他们连一张票的钱都攒不够，别说两张了。
■[no obj.]try to save as much money as possible; economize
节俭
they had scrimped and scraped and saved for years.
他们已经精打细算、俭省节约多年了。
■[no obj.](scrape by/along)manage to live with difficulty
勉强维持生活
she has to scrape by on Social Security.
她不得不靠社会保障金勉强维持生活。
■[no obj., with adverbial]narrowly pass by or through something
勉强通过
there was only just room to scrape through between the tree and the edge of the stream.
从树到小溪边只有勉强通过的空间。
■[no obj., with adverbial]barely manage to succeed in a particular undertaking
勉强成功
Bowden scraped in with 180 votes at the last election.
博登上次选举中得到180票勉强当选。
he scraped through the entrance exam.
他勉强通过了入学考试。
- an act or sound of scraping
刮擦，刮擦声
he heard the scrape of his mother's key in the lock.
他听见了妈妈开门的声音。
■an injury or mark caused by scraping
刮伤；擦痕
there was a long, shallow scrape on his shin.
他的胫骨上有一条很长的浅刮痕。
■a place where soil has been scraped away, especially a shallow hollow formed in the ground by a bird during a courtship display or for nesting
地面空洞处；（尤指鸟求爱、筑巢时）在地面挖的洞
■(Medicine, informal)a procedure of dilatation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus, or the result of this
(医 非正式)宫颈扩张；刮宫
■[in sing.](Brit.)a thinly applied layer of butter or margarine on bread
涂在面包上的一层黄油（或麦琪淋）
when making sandwiches, use only the thinnest scrape of fat.
做三明治时，涂最薄的一层油就够了。
■(archaic)an obsequious bow in which one foot is drawn backwards along the ground
(古)（一脚擦地后退的）鞠躬 - (informal)an embarrassing or difficult predicament caused by one's own unwise behaviour
(非正式)窘境，困境
he'd been in worse scrapes than this before now.
他以前过得比现在更困难。
scrape acquaintance with
- (dated)contrive to get to know
(旧)尽力结识
- (informal)be reduced to using things or people of the poorest quality because there is nothing else available
(非正式)退而求其次；起用剩下的次等人才（或物资）
- Old English scrapian 'scratch with the fingernails', of Germanic origin, reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse skrapa or Middle Dutch schrapen 'to scratch'
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