without

without
preposition
  1. in the absence of
    无，没有
    he went to Sweden without her.
    他独自去了瑞典，没带她。
    ■not having the use or benefit of
    没使用
    the first person to make the ascent without oxygen.
    没携带氧气登山的第一人。
    ■[often with verbal noun]in circumstances in which the action mentioned does not happen
    不，不曾
    they sat looking at each other without speaking.
    他们坐着，相对无语。
  2. (archaic or poetic/literary)outside
    (古或诗／文)在…的外部（面）
    the barbarians without the gates.
    门外的野蛮人。
adverb
  1. (archaic or poetic/literary)outside
    (古或诗／文)在外面，在外部
    the enemy without.
    外面的敌人。
conjunction
  1. (archaic or dialect)without it being the case that
    (古或方)不那样的话
    he won't be able to go without we know it.
    在我们不知道的情况下，他就不能走。
    ■unless
    除非，如果不
    I'd never have known you without you spoke to me.
    如果当时你没和我说话，我就永远不会认识你。
常用词组
do without
  1. 见 do
go without
  1. 见 go
语源
  1. Old English withūtan 'on the outside'
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