ruffle

ruffle
verb
[with obj.]

disorder or disarrange (someone's hair), typically by running one's hands through it
（常指用手梳过某人的头发）将其弄乱
he ruffled her hair affectionately.
他充满柔情地弄乱她的头发。
■(of a bird) erect (its feathers) in anger or display
（鸟发怒或炫耀时）竖起（羽毛）
they warbled incessantly, their throat feathers ruffled.
它们不停地啭鸣，喉部的羽毛竖了起来。
■disturb the smoothness or tranquillity of
使起伏不平，弄皱；使波动，使起涟漪；使不平静
the evening breeze ruffled the surface of the pond in the yard.
傍晚的微风使庭院里的水池表面吹起了涟漪。
■disconcert or upset the composure of (someone)
使（某人）变得不平静；使激动；激怒；使生气；使烦恼
Lancaster had been ruffled by her questions.
兰开斯特被她的问题弄得心烦意乱。
[usu. as adj. ruffled]ornament with or gather into a frill
给…打褶裥，给…饰褶边
a blouse with a high ruffled neck.
有褶裥饰边的高领女衬衫。

noun

an ornamental gathered or goffered frill of lace or other cloth on a garment, especially around the wrist or neck
褶裥饰边
a vibrating drum beat
连续轻擂的鼓声

常用词组
ruffle someone's feathers

smooth someone's ruffled feathers

语源

Middle English (as a verb): of unknown origin. Current noun senses date from the late 17th cent

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